Viscerotropic leishmaniasis

Viscerotropic leishmaniasis
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Infectious disease
Symptoms	Fever, weight loss, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly
Complications	Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Leishmania species
Risks	Travel to endemic areas, immunosuppression
Diagnosis	Serology, PCR, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, typhoid fever
Prevention	Avoidance of sandfly bites, use of insect repellent
Treatment	Antimonial compounds, amphotericin B, miltefosine
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is a form of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania. This form of leishmaniasis affects the internal organs, particularly the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

Etiology

Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is caused by several species of Leishmania, including Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania chagasi. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female sandflies.

Clinical Features

The disease is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, substantial weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and anemia. If left untreated, viscerotropic leishmaniasis can be fatal.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made by identifying Leishmania parasites in a sample from the bone marrow or spleen. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is also used to detect Leishmania DNA.

Treatment

Treatment involves the administration of antiparasitic drugs, including pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, and miltefosine.

Epidemiology

Viscerotropic leishmaniasis is found in specific areas around the world, including parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Brazil.

Prevention

Prevention strategies include controlling the sandfly population and protecting individuals from sandfly bites.

See Also

• Cutaneous leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis