Vitelline circulation

Vitelline Circulation refers to the circulatory system that develops in the yolk sac of an embryo. This system is responsible for the transportation of nutrients from the yolk sac to the developing embryo. The vitelline circulation is a crucial part of the embryonic development process, and any abnormalities in its formation can lead to serious developmental issues.

Overview

The vitelline circulation is one of the first systems to develop in an embryo. It begins to form shortly after fertilization, when the embryo is still in the blastocyst stage. The system consists of a network of blood vessels that grow out from the embryo and into the yolk sac. These vessels then branch out and form a complex network that covers the entire surface of the yolk sac.

The primary function of the vitelline circulation is to transport nutrients from the yolk sac to the developing embryo. The yolk sac is filled with nutrient-rich yolk, which the embryo needs for growth and development. The blood vessels in the vitelline circulation pick up these nutrients and carry them back to the embryo.

Development

The development of the vitelline circulation is a complex process that involves several stages. It begins with the formation of the primitive streak, a structure that forms on the surface of the early embryo. This streak gives rise to the mesoderm, one of the three primary germ layers in the embryo.

The mesoderm then differentiates into various types of tissue, including the endothelium, which forms the lining of the blood vessels. These endothelial cells then proliferate and migrate to form the initial network of vitelline vessels.

As the embryo continues to grow and develop, the vitelline circulation also expands and becomes more complex. The vessels branch out and form a dense network that covers the entire surface of the yolk sac. This network allows for efficient transportation of nutrients from the yolk sac to the embryo.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the development of the vitelline circulation can lead to serious developmental issues. For example, if the vessels do not form properly, the embryo may not receive enough nutrients, leading to growth retardation or even death. In addition, abnormalities in the vitelline circulation can also lead to the formation of congenital heart defects.

See Also

• Embryonic development
• Yolk sac
• Blood vessel
• Congenital heart defect