Vocal cord cyst

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Vocal cord cyst
Vocal folds
Synonyms	Vocal fold cyst, laryngeal cyst
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hoarseness, vocal fatigue, dysphonia
Complications	Vocal cord damage, voice loss
Onset	Any age, often in adults
Duration	Persistent until treated
Types	N/A
Causes	Vocal abuse, congenital
Risks	Smoking, vocal overuse, gastroesophageal reflux disease
Diagnosis	Laryngoscopy, stroboscopy
Differential diagnosis	Vocal cord nodule, vocal cord polyp, laryngitis
Prevention	Voice therapy, avoiding vocal strain
Treatment	Voice rest, surgery
Medication	None specific, anti-inflammatory for symptoms
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Relatively uncommon
Deaths	N/A

Cross-section of the vocal fold by Reinke

Vocal fold cyst after dissection

Vocal Cord Cyst refers to a benign lesion that forms on the vocal cords, also known as vocal folds. These cysts can significantly affect the quality of voice and may cause discomfort or a sensation of a lump in the throat. Vocal cord cysts are one of several types of vocal fold lesions, which also include nodules and polyps. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for vocal cord cysts is essential for individuals experiencing voice issues.

Causes

Vocal cord cysts can be congenital or acquired. Congenital cysts are present at birth and result from developmental anomalies. Acquired cysts, more common than congenital ones, usually develop due to vocal strain or misuse, such as excessive talking, yelling, or singing. They can also result from chronic laryngitis or other irritations. There are two main types of vocal cord cysts: mucus retention cysts, caused by blockage of a glandular duct, and epidermoid cysts, which are filled with keratin.

Symptoms

Symptoms of vocal cord cysts include:

• Hoarseness or changes in the voice
• A sensation of a lump in the throat
• Difficulty projecting the voice
• Vocal fatigue
• Occasional pain when speaking or swallowing

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a vocal cord cyst typically involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and specialized tests. A laryngoscopy or videostroboscopy allows the doctor to visualize the vocal cords directly and assess the cyst's size, location, and impact on vocal cord vibration.

Treatment

Treatment options for vocal cord cysts vary based on the cyst's size and the severity of symptoms. Options include:

• Voice therapy: Often the first line of treatment, focusing on vocal rest and exercises to reduce strain on the vocal cords.
• Surgery: Microsurgical techniques may be used to remove the cyst if voice therapy is ineffective or if the cyst is large. Surgery aims to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible.
• Post-surgical therapy: Voice therapy is also crucial after surgery to ensure proper healing and to prevent recurrence.

Prevention

Preventive measures for vocal cord cysts focus on minimizing vocal strain and maintaining good vocal hygiene. This includes staying hydrated, avoiding excessive voice use, and seeking training from a voice coach if frequent vocal use is necessary for one's profession.

See Also

• Vocal fold nodule
• Vocal fold polyp
• Laryngitis
• Voice therapy