Warburg Micro syndrome

Warburg Micro syndrome
Synonyms	Micro syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Microcephaly, microphthalmia, cataracts, intellectual disability, hypogonadism, spasticity
Complications	N/A
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutation
Risks	Autosomal recessive inheritance
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Martsolf syndrome, Cerebral palsy, Lowe syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Supportive care, symptomatic treatment
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, often severe
Frequency	Rare disease
Deaths	N/A

A rare genetic disorder affecting development

Classification
External resources

Warburg Micro syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a range of developmental abnormalities. It is primarily known for its impact on the nervous system, eyes, and genitalia. The syndrome is named after the German ophthalmologist Warburg, who first described the condition.

Presentation

Individuals with Warburg Micro syndrome typically present with a combination of microcephaly, ocular abnormalities, and genital anomalies. The condition is often identified in infancy or early childhood due to its distinctive clinical features.

Neurological Features

Microcephaly is a hallmark of Warburg Micro syndrome, where the head circumference is significantly smaller than average for the individual's age and sex. Affected individuals may also exhibit developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. The central nervous system abnormalities can lead to spasticity and hypotonia.

Ocular Features

Ocular abnormalities are a prominent feature of Warburg Micro syndrome. These may include cataracts, optic atrophy, and microphthalmia. Nystagmus and strabismus are also commonly observed, affecting the individual's vision.

Genital Features

Genital anomalies in Warburg Micro syndrome can vary but often include cryptorchidism in males and ambiguous genitalia. These features may contribute to infertility in affected individuals.

Genetics

Warburg Micro syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It is caused by mutations in one of several genes, including RAB3GAP1, RAB3GAP2, RAB18, and TBC1D20. These genes are involved in the RAB GTPase pathway, which is crucial for vesicle trafficking and cell signaling.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Warburg Micro syndrome is based on clinical evaluation and genetic testing. Molecular genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the associated genes. Neuroimaging studies, such as MRI, may reveal structural brain abnormalities that support the diagnosis.

Management

There is no cure for Warburg Micro syndrome, and management is primarily supportive. Multidisciplinary care is essential, involving neurologists, ophthalmologists, endocrinologists, and genetic counselors. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can help manage developmental delays and improve quality of life.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Warburg Micro syndrome varies depending on the severity of symptoms. While the condition is associated with significant developmental challenges, early intervention and supportive care can improve outcomes.

Related pages

• Microcephaly
• Genetic disorders
• Developmental delay
• Ocular abnormalities