Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan

Piston Water Pump at Yingfeng DogRun Area 20141014a

Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan

Flag of Taiwan

Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan are critical components of the country's infrastructure and public health system. Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China, has made significant progress in improving its water supply and sanitation services over the past few decades.

Water Resources

Taiwan's water resources are influenced by its geographical and climatic conditions. The island receives abundant rainfall, averaging about 2,500 mm annually. However, the distribution of rainfall is uneven, with the majority occurring during the typhoon season from June to September. This seasonal variability poses challenges for water resource management.

Water Supply

The Taiwan Water Corporation (TWC) is the primary entity responsible for providing water supply services across Taiwan. The TWC operates numerous water treatment plants, reservoirs, and distribution networks to ensure a reliable supply of potable water to urban and rural areas.

Urban Water Supply

In urban areas, the water supply system is well-developed, with high coverage rates. The quality of water is generally good, meeting the standards set by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA). The TWC continuously monitors water quality and implements measures to address any contamination issues.

Rural Water Supply

In rural areas, water supply services are less developed compared to urban regions. The government has initiated various programs to improve water infrastructure in these areas, including the construction of new water treatment facilities and the expansion of distribution networks.

Sanitation

Sanitation services in Taiwan are managed by local governments and the EPA. The country has made significant strides in improving sanitation facilities, particularly in urban areas.

Urban Sanitation

Urban areas in Taiwan have extensive sewerage systems that collect and treat wastewater. The treated wastewater is then discharged into water bodies or reused for non-potable purposes. The EPA sets stringent standards for wastewater treatment to protect public health and the environment.

Rural Sanitation

Sanitation services in rural areas are less comprehensive. Many households rely on septic tanks or other on-site sanitation systems. The government is working to improve rural sanitation through various initiatives, including the construction of centralized wastewater treatment plants and the promotion of hygienic practices.

Challenges

Despite the progress made, Taiwan faces several challenges in its water supply and sanitation sector. These include:

• Climate change: Increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as typhoons and droughts, impact water availability and quality.
• Population growth: Rising population and urbanization increase the demand for water and sanitation services.
• Aging infrastructure: Many water supply and sanitation facilities require upgrades and maintenance to ensure continued reliability and efficiency.

Government Initiatives

The Taiwanese government has implemented various policies and programs to address these challenges. These include:

• Water Resources Management Act: A comprehensive framework for the sustainable management of water resources.
• National Water Resources Plan: A strategic plan outlining the long-term goals and actions for water resource development and conservation.
• Sanitation Improvement Program: Initiatives aimed at enhancing sanitation facilities and services, particularly in rural areas.

See Also

• Environmental issues in Taiwan
• Taiwan Water Corporation
• Environmental Protection Administration (Taiwan)
• Climate change in Taiwan