1,1-Dichloroethene

1,1-Dichloroethene, also known as 1,1-DCE, is an organic compound used primarily in the production of vinyl chloride, which is used to make a variety of plastic and vinyl products. In the environment, 1,1-DCE is found in the air, water, and soil as a result of its manufacture, use, and disposal.

Chemical Properties

1,1-DCE is a colorless, volatile liquid with a mild, sweet, chloroform-like odor. The chemical formula for 1,1-DCE is C2H2Cl2, and its molecular weight is 96.94 g/mol. It is less dense than water and is slightly soluble in water.

Production and Uses

1,1-DCE is produced by dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, a process which includes heating the 1,1,2-trichloroethane in the presence of a catalyst. The major use of 1,1-DCE is as a comonomer in the production of certain kinds of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is also used as an intermediate for other chlorinated solvents.

Health Effects

Exposure to 1,1-DCE can occur through inhalation, ingestion, and contact with the skin. It can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It can also cause nausea, headache, dizziness, and unconsciousness. Long-term exposure can lead to liver and lung damage.

Environmental Impact

1,1-DCE is released into the air, water, and soil from industrial emissions and waste disposal. It can cause harm to the environment due to its toxicity to aquatic life.

Regulation

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the amount of 1,1-DCE that can be released from industrial sites. The agency has set a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for 1,1-DCE in drinking water at 0.007 milligrams per liter (mg/L).

See Also

• Chlorinated solvents
• Environmental toxicology
• Industrial waste