1,2-Dinitrobenzene

1,2-Dinitrobenzene is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitrobenzenes. It is a pale yellow solid with the chemical formula C₆H₄(NO₂)₂.

Structure and Properties

1,2-Dinitrobenzene consists of a benzene ring substituted with two nitro groups at the 1 and 2 positions. The molecule is planar due to the sp² hybridization of the carbon atoms in the benzene ring. The nitro groups are electron-withdrawing, which makes the compound more reactive than benzene itself.

The compound has a molar mass of 168.11 g/mol. It is slightly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether.

Synthesis

1,2-Dinitrobenzene can be synthesized by the nitration of nitrobenzene using a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The reaction is highly exothermic and needs to be controlled carefully to prevent overheating.

Uses

1,2-Dinitrobenzene is primarily used in the synthesis of other chemical compounds. It can be reduced to 1,2-diaminobenzene, which is a precursor to many dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Safety and Hazards

1,2-Dinitrobenzene is a toxic compound and should be handled with care. It can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects. It is also a potential environmental hazard due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment.

See Also

• Nitrobenzene
• Dinitrobenzene
• Organic chemistry
• Nitration