2,2-Dimethylbutane

2,2-Dimethylbutane is an organic compound that belongs to the class of hydrocarbons known as alkanes. It is a structural isomer of hexane, and is often used as a standard in various types of spectroscopy.

Structure and Properties

• 2,2-Dimethylbutane has a branched structure, with a central carbon atom bonded to two methyl groups and two other carbon atoms. This structure gives it a unique set of physical and chemical properties.
• The molecular formula of 2,2-dimethylbutane is C₆H₁₄. It has a molar mass of approximately 86.18 g/mol. The compound is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a boiling point of 58 °C (136.4 °F).

Synthesis and Reactions

• 2,2-Dimethylbutane can be synthesized through the alkylation of isobutane with ethylene. This reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
• In terms of reactivity, 2,2-dimethylbutane undergoes typical reactions of alkanes, such as combustion and free radical halogenation. However, due to its branched structure, it is less reactive than its linear isomers.

Uses

2,2-Dimethylbutane is primarily used as a reference compound in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. It is also used as a component in some types of fuel due to its high octane rating.

Safety and Environmental Impact

• Like other alkanes, 2,2-dimethylbutane is highly flammable. It can cause irritation if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes, and can be harmful if inhaled or ingested.
• In the environment, 2,2-dimethylbutane can contribute to air pollution if it is not properly controlled. It is not considered to be a persistent environmental pollutant, as it readily undergoes photodegradation in the atmosphere.

See Also

• Alkane
• Isomer
• Hydrocarbon