Abdominal sounds

Abdominal sounds are noises made within the abdomen that are usually not audible without the use of a medical instrument such as a stethoscope. These sounds are produced by the movement of the gastrointestinal tract as it propels food through its length, breaks down food, and absorbs nutrients.

Types of Abdominal Sounds

There are four main types of abdominal sounds:

1. Borborygmi: These are normal, gurgling noises that are usually audible to the naked ear. They are caused by the movement of gas and fluid in the intestines.
2. Hyperactive bowel sounds: These are loud, high-pitched sounds that are usually indicative of increased intestinal activity. They may be heard in conditions such as gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, or after eating.
3. Hypoactive bowel sounds: These are faint, infrequent sounds that may indicate decreased intestinal activity. They may be heard in conditions such as paralytic ileus or peritonitis.
4. Absent bowel sounds: These are a lack of sounds, which may indicate a serious condition such as intestinal obstruction or ischemia.

Clinical Significance

Abdominal sounds are an important part of the physical examination in a patient presenting with abdominal symptoms. They can provide clues to the underlying cause of the patient's symptoms and guide further diagnostic testing and treatment. For example, hyperactive bowel sounds may suggest a diagnosis of gastroenteritis, while absent bowel sounds may indicate a need for urgent surgical intervention.

Assessment

The assessment of abdominal sounds is usually performed with a stethoscope. The healthcare provider will listen to different areas of the abdomen to assess the frequency, intensity, and character of the sounds. The patient may be asked to fast before the examination to reduce the influence of recent food intake on the sounds.

See Also

• Gastroenterology
• Physical examination
• Stethoscope