Actinobacillosis

Actinobacillosis is a bacterial infection caused by the genus Actinobacillus. This infection primarily affects livestock, but can also occur in humans.

Actinobacillus bacteria, the cause of actinobacillosis

Overview

Actinobacillosis is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The disease is characterized by the formation of granulomatous lesions in the mouth, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. In humans, the infection is rare and typically occurs in individuals with a history of close contact with livestock.

Causes

Actinobacillosis is caused by the Actinobacillus bacteria, specifically Actinobacillus lignieresii and Actinobacillus suis. These bacteria are part of the normal flora in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract of healthy animals, but can cause disease when they penetrate the mucosal barrier and enter the bloodstream.

Symptoms

In animals, symptoms of actinobacillosis include swelling of the face or neck, weight loss, and difficulty eating. In humans, symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include fever, pain, and swelling in the affected area.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of actinobacillosis is typically made through microbiological culture of the bacteria from a sample of the affected tissue. Blood tests may also be used to detect the presence of the bacteria in the bloodstream.

Treatment

Treatment for actinobacillosis typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove infected tissue.

Prevention

Prevention of actinobacillosis involves maintaining good hygiene practices in livestock management, including regular cleaning and disinfection of equipment and facilities.

See also

• Zoonotic disease
• Bacterial infection
• Antibiotics