Adnexa uteri

Adnexa uteri refers to the structures most closely related anatomically and functionally to the uterus. They are part of the female reproductive system, and include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the ligaments that hold the uterus in place.

Anatomy

The adnexa uteri are situated in the pelvic cavity. They are attached to the upper part of the uterus by tissue and ligaments. The adnexa uteri include the following structures:

• Ovaries: These are the female gonads. They produce oocytes for fertilisation and they are also the primary source of estrogen and progesterone, the main female sex hormones.

• Fallopian tubes: These are two tubes leading from the ovaries to the uterus. They transport the oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation of the oocytes by sperm occurs in the fallopian tubes.

• Ligaments: These include the broad ligament, the ovarian ligament, and the suspensory ligament of the ovary. They hold the uterus in its normal position in the pelvis and contain the blood vessels that supply the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Function

The adnexa uteri play a crucial role in female reproduction. The ovaries produce the oocytes and the sex hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. The fallopian tubes transport the oocytes to the uterus and are the site of fertilisation. The ligaments hold the uterus in place and provide the blood supply to the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Diseases and disorders

Diseases and disorders of the adnexa uteri can affect female reproductive health. These include ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometriosis. Treatment options depend on the specific disease or disorder, and can range from medication to surgery.

See also

• Female reproductive system
• Ovary
• Fallopian tube
• Uterus

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