Aeroallergen

File:Fungus spore ejection.ogg Aeroallergen

An aeroallergen is a type of allergen that is present in the air and can cause allergic reactions when inhaled. These allergens are typically small particles that can be easily dispersed through the air and inhaled into the respiratory system. Common sources of aeroallergens include pollen, mold spores, dust mites, and animal dander.

Types of Aeroallergens

Aeroallergens can be broadly categorized into the following types:

• Pollen: Pollen grains from trees, grasses, and weeds are common aeroallergens. They are a major cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever.
• Mold spores: Molds produce spores that can become airborne and cause allergic reactions. Common indoor molds include Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium.
• Dust mites: Dust mites are microscopic organisms that thrive in household dust. Their fecal matter and body fragments are potent allergens.
• Animal dander: Proteins found in the skin flakes, saliva, and urine of animals such as cats, dogs, and rodents can cause allergic reactions.

Symptoms

Exposure to aeroallergens can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:

• Sneezing
• Runny nose
• Nasal congestion
• Itchy eyes
• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath

In some cases, exposure to aeroallergens can trigger asthma attacks in individuals with asthma.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of aeroallergen sensitivity typically involves a combination of the following:

• Medical history: A detailed medical history can help identify potential aeroallergen exposures.
• Skin prick test: This test involves placing small amounts of suspected allergens on the skin and observing for a reaction.
• Blood test: Specific IgE blood tests can measure the presence of antibodies to particular aeroallergens.

Management

Management of aeroallergen exposure involves several strategies:

• Avoidance: Reducing exposure to known aeroallergens is the most effective way to manage symptoms. This may include using air purifiers, keeping windows closed during high pollen seasons, and regularly cleaning to reduce dust mites and mold.
• Medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal corticosteroids can help alleviate symptoms.
• Immunotherapy: Allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) can help desensitize the immune system to specific aeroallergens over time.

See also

• Allergy
• Allergic rhinitis
• Asthma
• Immunotherapy
• Pollen count