Alcian blue stain

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Alcian stain micromass

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Barrett's mucosa, Alcian blue stain

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WoodlandKingfisher

Alcian blue stain is a histological stain used to identify acidic polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans in tissue sections. It is particularly useful in the study of mucins and cartilage.

Properties

Alcian blue is a cationic dye that binds to the anionic sites of acidic polysaccharides. The dye is water-soluble and forms a blue complex with the acidic components of the tissue. The staining intensity can be influenced by the pH of the staining solution, with different pH levels highlighting different types of acidic polysaccharides.

Applications

Alcian blue stain is widely used in histopathology and cytology for the following purposes:

• Identification of mucin in goblet cells and mucous glands.
• Detection of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage.
• Differentiation of acidic mucins from neutral mucins when used in combination with other stains such as Periodic acid–Schiff stain.

Procedure

The staining procedure typically involves the following steps: 1. Fixation of the tissue sample using a suitable fixative such as formalin. 2. Sectioning of the tissue into thin slices. 3. Staining with Alcian blue solution, usually at a pH of 2.5 or 1.0, depending on the specific application. 4. Washing to remove excess stain. 5. Counterstaining with another dye, such as nuclear fast red, to provide contrast.

Interpretation

The stained tissue sections are examined under a microscope. Alcian blue stains acidic polysaccharides blue, allowing for the visualization of structures such as mucins and cartilage matrix. The intensity and distribution of the staining can provide valuable information about the presence and localization of these substances in the tissue.

Related Stains

• Periodic acid–Schiff stain
• Hematoxylin and eosin stain
• Masson's trichrome stain

See Also

• Histology
• Cytology
• Mucin
• Glycosaminoglycan
• Cartilage