Alkalosis
Alkalosis is a condition characterized by a higher than normal pH level in the blood and other body tissues, indicating an excess of alkali (base) in the body. This condition can disrupt normal bodily functions and can be classified into different types based on its underlying cause.
Types of Alkalosis[edit | edit source]
Alkalosis can be broadly categorized into two main types:
Respiratory Alkalosis[edit | edit source]
Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, usually due to hyperventilation. This can be caused by various factors, including:
Metabolic Alkalosis[edit | edit source]
Metabolic alkalosis is caused by an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-) or a loss of hydrogen ions (H+). Common causes include:
- Vomiting
- Diuretic use
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Excessive intake of antacids
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of alkalosis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include:
- Muscle twitching
- Hand tremor
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Light-headedness
- Numbness or tingling in the face, hands, or feet
- Confusion
- Seizures
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of alkalosis typically involves:
- Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis to measure pH, CO2, and bicarbonate levels
- Electrolyte panel to check levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride
- Urine pH and electrolyte measurements
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of alkalosis depends on the underlying cause:
- For respiratory alkalosis, addressing the cause of hyperventilation is crucial. This may involve breathing into a paper bag, treating anxiety, or managing fever.
- For metabolic alkalosis, treatment may include:
* Replenishing electrolytes, particularly potassium and chloride * Administering acidifying agents like ammonium chloride or hydrochloric acid in severe cases * Addressing the underlying cause, such as discontinuing diuretics or treating vomiting
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures for alkalosis include:
- Proper management of underlying conditions such as anxiety, respiratory disorders, and electrolyte imbalances
- Avoiding excessive use of antacids and diuretics
- Ensuring adequate hydration and electrolyte balance
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD