Alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria

A rare metabolic disorder

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Alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of specific organic acids in the body. This condition is part of a group of disorders known as amino acid metabolism disorders, which affect the body's ability to break down certain amino acids.

Pathophysiology

Alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria is caused by a deficiency in the enzymes involved in the lysine degradation pathway. Specifically, the disorder is linked to defects in the enzymes that convert alpha-aminoadipic acid and alpha-ketoadipic acid into their subsequent metabolites. This leads to the accumulation of these acids in the body, which can be detected in the urine.

Genetics

Autosomal recessive inheritance pattern

The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, to be affected. The specific genes involved in this condition are not well characterized, but they are believed to be involved in the enzymatic steps of lysine degradation.

Clinical Presentation

Individuals with alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria may present with a variety of symptoms, which can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include developmental delay, hypotonia, and seizures. In some cases, affected individuals may also experience intellectual disability and other neurological issues.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria is typically made through urine organic acid analysis, which reveals elevated levels of alpha-aminoadipic acid and alpha-ketoadipic acid. Additional tests, such as genetic testing, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific genetic mutations involved.

Management

There is currently no cure for alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria, and treatment is primarily supportive. Management strategies may include dietary modifications to reduce the intake of lysine and other amino acids that contribute to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. In some cases, anticonvulsant medications may be prescribed to manage seizures.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of management strategies. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.

Related pages

• Metabolic disorder
• Amino acid metabolism disorder
• Lysine degradation pathway