Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome

Hyperalgesia and allodynia

Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS) is a condition characterized by an abnormal pain response in the muscles, bones, and joints. This syndrome is often seen in children and adolescents, although it can occur in adults as well. The pain experienced in AMPS is typically more intense than what would be expected from the initial injury or condition.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of AMPS is chronic pain that is disproportionate to the initial cause. Other symptoms may include:

• Hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain)
• Allodynia (pain from stimuli that do not normally cause pain)
• Fatigue
• Sleep disturbances
• Swelling and changes in skin color or temperature

Causes

The exact cause of AMPS is not well understood. However, it is believed to involve a combination of physical and psychological factors. Potential triggers include:

• Physical injury or trauma
• Infection
• Psychological stress
• Genetic predisposition

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of AMPS is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and symptoms. Diagnostic criteria may include:

• Persistent pain that is disproportionate to the initial injury
• Absence of other medical conditions that could explain the pain
• Physical examination findings such as hyperalgesia and allodynia

Treatment

Treatment for AMPS typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:

• Physical therapy to improve function and reduce pain
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address psychological factors
• Medications such as analgesics and antidepressants
• Occupational therapy to assist with daily activities

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, many individuals with AMPS can achieve significant improvement in their symptoms. Early intervention is crucial for the best outcomes.

Related Pages

• Chronic pain
• Hyperalgesia
• Allodynia
• Physical therapy
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Analgesics
• Antidepressants
• Occupational therapy