Antacids

Antacids are substances that neutralize stomach acid and are used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, or an upset stomach. They are available over-the-counter and are commonly used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers.

Mechanism of Action

Antacids work by neutralizing the hydrochloric acid in the stomach, increasing the pH level and reducing acidity. This can provide relief from the burning sensation associated with heartburn and indigestion. The primary ingredients in antacids include magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.

Types of Antacids

There are several types of antacids, each with different active ingredients:

• Magnesium-based antacids: These include magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate. They can cause diarrhea as a side effect.
• Aluminum-based antacids: These include aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate. They can cause constipation.
• Calcium-based antacids: These include calcium carbonate. They can cause constipation and, in some cases, kidney stones.
• Sodium-based antacids: These include sodium bicarbonate. They can cause belching and flatulence.

Uses

Antacids are used to treat a variety of conditions related to excess stomach acid, including:

• Heartburn
• Indigestion
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Peptic ulcers
• Gastritis

Side Effects

While antacids are generally safe for short-term use, they can cause side effects, especially if used excessively. Common side effects include:

• Diarrhea (more common with magnesium-based antacids)
• Constipation (more common with aluminum and calcium-based antacids)
• Belching and flatulence (more common with sodium bicarbonate)

Precautions

People with certain medical conditions should use antacids with caution. These conditions include:

• Kidney disease
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Pregnancy

Interactions

Antacids can interact with other medications, affecting their absorption and effectiveness. It is important to consult a healthcare provider before using antacids if you are taking other medications.

See Also

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Peptic ulcer
• Heartburn
• Indigestion
• Stomach acid