Appar

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Appar wooden image

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Thirukkadaiyur Gopuram Appar

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Appar, Chola period bronze, 12th century, Government Museum, Chennai (1) (37405562076)

Appar refers to a significant figure in the Hindu religious tradition, particularly within the Shaiva sect. Appar, also known as Tirunavukkarasar, was one of the most prominent of the Nayanars, the 63 saint-poets revered in Shaivism for their devotion to the god Shiva. His contributions to the Tamil Bhakti movement, through his poetic works, have had a lasting impact on Tamil culture and Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy. This article aims to provide an overview of Appar's life, works, and his significance in the Hindu religious and cultural contexts.

Life

Appar was born in the 7th century in the region of Tamil Nadu, India. His early life was marked by a period of religious conversion to Jainism, following a severe illness. However, after experiencing a miraculous healing, which he attributed to the grace of Shiva, Appar renounced Jainism and became a fervent devotee of Shiva. This transformation led him to adopt the name Tirunavukkarasar, meaning "the lord of speech," and dedicate his life to the worship of Shiva and the spread of Shaivism through his hymns and poems.

Works

Appar's literary contributions are primarily found in the Tevaram, a collection of Tamil hymns in praise of Shiva. His works are characterized by their deep devotion, poetic beauty, and philosophical depth. Appar's hymns not only extol the virtues of Shiva but also express the poet's own spiritual journey and experiences of divine grace. His poetry played a crucial role in the revival of Shaivism in Tamil Nadu and helped establish the foundation for the Tamil Bhakti movement.

Significance

Appar's impact on Hinduism and Tamil culture cannot be overstated. His life and works symbolize the essence of Bhakti - personal devotion to a deity as a means to achieve spiritual liberation. Appar, along with other Nayanars, contributed to the democratization of religion by making spiritual practice accessible to all, irrespective of caste or social status. His hymns continue to be sung and celebrated in Shiva temples across Tamil Nadu, embodying the enduring legacy of his devotion.

Legacy

The legacy of Appar is preserved in the annual celebration of his life and works in Shaiva temples, particularly during the Tamil month of Aadi. His hymns are an integral part of temple rituals and ceremonies, serving as a reminder of the power of faith and the importance of devotion in the pursuit of spiritual fulfillment. Furthermore, Appar's life story and works have been subjects of study and reverence in the context of South Indian literature, religious studies, and the Bhakti movement's history.