Arsenium

Arsenium is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a metalloid, which means it has properties of both metals and non-metals. Arsenium is known for its various allotropic forms, including yellow, black, and gray arsenic, with gray arsenic being the most stable form.

Properties[edit | edit source]

Arsenium is a brittle, crystalline solid with a metallic luster. It is a poor conductor of electricity and is typically found in nature in minerals such as arsenopyrite, orpiment, and realgar. Arsenium is known for its toxicity and is used in various industrial applications, including the production of pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides.

Physical Properties[edit | edit source]

Atomic number: 33
Atomic weight: 74.9216 u
Density: 5.727 g/cm³
Melting point: 817 °C (sublimes)
Boiling point: 614 °C (sublimes)

Chemical Properties[edit | edit source]

Arsenium is chemically similar to phosphorus and can form various compounds, including arsenides, arsenates, and arsenites. It readily forms covalent bonds and can exist in several oxidation states, most commonly +3 and +5.

Occurrence[edit | edit source]

Arsenium is not found in its elemental form in nature but is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. It is often found in combination with sulfur and metals, forming minerals such as arsenopyrite (FeAsS), orpiment (As₂S₃), and realgar (As₄S₄).

Uses[edit | edit source]

Arsenium and its compounds have several applications:

Agriculture: Used in pesticides and herbicides.
Wood preservation: Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is used to treat wood to prevent decay.
Electronics: Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is used in semiconductors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Medicine: Arsenic trioxide is used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Toxicity[edit | edit source]

Arsenium is highly toxic and carcinogenic. Exposure to arsenic compounds can lead to various health issues, including skin lesions, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. It is important to handle arsenic and its compounds with care and follow safety guidelines to minimize exposure.

History[edit | edit source]

Arsenium has been known since ancient times. It was isolated as an element by Albertus Magnus in 1250. The name "arsenic" is derived from the Greek word "arsenikon," which means "masculine" or "potent."

Also see[edit | edit source]

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	Hydrogen & alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals											Triels	Tetrels	Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
Period 1	[[ hydrogen \|Hydrogen1H1.0080]]																	[[ helium \|Helium2He4.0026]]
2	[[ lithium \|Lithium3Li6.94]]	[[ beryllium \|Beryllium4Be9.0122]]											[[ boron \|Boron5B10.81]]	[[ carbon \|Carbon6C12.011]]	[[ nitrogen \|Nitrogen7N14.007]]	[[ oxygen \|Oxygen8O15.999]]	[[ fluorine \|Fluorine9F18.998]]	[[ neon \|Neon10Ne20.180]]
3	[[ sodium \|Sodium11Na22.990]]	[[ magnesium \|Magnesium12Mg24.305]]											[[ aluminium \|Aluminium13Al26.982]]	[[ silicon \|Silicon14Si28.085]]	[[ phosphorus\|Phosphorus15P30.974]]	[[ sulfur \|Sulfur16S32.06]]	[[ chlorine \|Chlorine17Cl35.45]]	[[ argon \|Argon18Ar39.95]]
4	[[ potassium \|Potassium19K39.098]]	[[ calcium \|Calcium20Ca40.078]]	[[ scandium \|Scandium21Sc44.956]]	[[ titanium \|Titanium22Ti47.867]]	[[ vanadium \|Vanadium23V50.942]]	[[ chromium \|Chromium24Cr51.996]]	[[ manganese \|Manganese25Mn54.938]]	[[ iron \|Iron26Fe55.845]]	[[ cobalt \|Cobalt27Co58.933]]	[[ nickel \|Nickel28Ni58.693]]	[[ copper \|Copper29Cu63.546]]	[[ zinc \|Zinc30Zn65.38]]	[[ gallium \|Gallium31Ga69.723]]	[[ germanium \|Germanium32Ge72.630]]	[[ arsenic \|Arsenic33As74.922]]	[[ selenium \|Selenium34Se78.971]]	[[ bromine \|Bromine35Br79.904]]	[[ krypton \|Krypton36Kr83.798]]
5	[[ rubidium \|Rubidium37Rb85.468]]	[[ strontium \|Strontium38Sr87.62]]	[[ yttrium \|Yttrium39Y88.906]]	[[ zirconium \|Zirconium40Zr91.224]]	[[ niobium \|Niobium41Nb92.906]]	[[ molybdenum\|Molybdenum42Mo95.95]]	[[ technetium\|Technetium43Tc[97]]]	[[ ruthenium \|Ruthenium44Ru101.07]]	[[ rhodium \|Rhodium45Rh102.91]]	[[ palladium \|Palladium46Pd106.42]]	[[ silver \|Silver47Ag107.87]]	[[ cadmium \|Cadmium48Cd112.41]]	[[ indium \|Indium49In114.82]]	[[ tin \|Tin50Sn118.71]]	[[ antimony \|Antimony51Sb121.76]]	[[ tellurium \|Tellurium52Te127.60]]	[[ iodine \|Iodine53I126.90]]	[[ xenon \|Xenon54Xe131.29]]
6	[[ caesium \|Caesium55Cs132.91]]	[[ barium \|Barium56Ba137.33]]	[[ lutetium \|Lutetium71Lu174.97]]	[[ hafnium \|Hafnium72Hf178.49]]	[[ tantalum \|Tantalum73Ta180.95]]	[[ tungsten \|Tungsten74W183.84]]	[[ rhenium \|Rhenium75Re186.21]]	[[ osmium \|Osmium76Os190.23]]	[[ iridium \|Iridium77Ir192.22]]	[[ platinum \|Platinum78Pt195.08]]	[[ gold \|Gold79Au196.97]]	[[ Mercury (element)\|Mercury80Hg200.59]]	[[ thallium \|Thallium81Tl204.38]]	[[ lead \|Lead82Pb207.2]]	[[ bismuth \|Bismuth83Bi208.98]]	[[ polonium \|Polonium84Po[209]]]	[[ astatine \|Astatine85At[210]]]	[[ radon \|Radon86Rn[222]]]
7	[[ francium \|Francium87Fr[223]]]	[[ radium \|Radium88Ra[226]]]	[[ lawrencium \|Lawrencium103Lr[266]]]	[[ rutherfordium\|Rutherfordium104Rf[267]]]	[[ dubnium \|Dubnium105Db[268]]]	[[ seaborgium \|Seaborgium106Sg[269]]]	[[ bohrium \|Bohrium107Bh[270]]]	[[ hassium \|Hassium108Hs[269]]]	[[ meitnerium \|Meitnerium109Mt[278]]]	[[ darmstadtium \|Darmstadtium110Ds[281]]]	[[ roentgenium \|Roentgenium111Rg[282]]]	[[ copernicium \|Copernicium112Cn[285]]]	[[ nihonium \|Nihonium113Nh[286]]]	[[ flerovium \|Flerovium114Fl[289]]]	[[ moscovium \|Moscovium115Mc[290]]]	[[ livermorium \|Livermorium116Lv[293]]]	[[ tennessine \|Tennessine117Ts[294]]]	[[ oganesson \|Oganesson118Og[294]]]

			[[ lanthanum \|Lanthanum57La138.91]]	[[ cerium \|Cerium58Ce140.12]]	[[ praseodymium\|Praseodymium59Pr140.91]]	[[ neodymium \|Neodymium60Nd144.24]]	[[ promethium \|Promethium61Pm[145]]]	[[ samarium \|Samarium62Sm150.36]]	[[ europium \|Europium63Eu151.96]]	[[ gadolinium \|Gadolinium64Gd157.25]]	[[ terbium \|Terbium65Tb158.93]]	[[ dysprosium \|Dysprosium66Dy162.50]]	[[ holmium \|Holmium67Ho164.93]]	[[ erbium \|Erbium68Er167.26]]	[[ thulium \|Thulium69Tm168.93]]	[[ ytterbium \|Ytterbium70Yb173.05]]
			[[ actinium \|Actinium89Ac[227]]]	[[ thorium \|Thorium90Th232.04]]	[[ protactinium\|Protactinium91Pa231.04]]	[[ uranium \|Uranium92U238.03]]	[[ neptunium \|Neptunium93Np[237]]]	[[ plutonium \|Plutonium94Pu[244]]]	[[ americium \|Americium95Am[243]]]	[[ curium \|Curium96Cm[247]]]	[[ berkelium \|Berkelium97Bk[247]]]	[[ californium \|Californium98Cf[251]]]	[[ einsteinium \|Einsteinium99Es[252]]]	[[ fermium \|Fermium100Fm[257]]]	[[ mendelevium\|Mendelevium101Md[258]]]	[[ nobelium \|Nobelium102No[259]]]

Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element

Standard atomic weight A_{r, std}(E)^[1]

Ca: 40.078

— Abridged value (uncertainty omitted here)^[2]

Po: [209] — mass number of the most stable isotope

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↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIAAW2013
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIAAW2021

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[CIAAW2013-1] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIAAW2013

[CIAAW2021-2] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIAAW2021

[1]

[2]

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	Hydrogen & alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals											Triels	Tetrels	Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
Period 1	[[ hydrogen \|Hydrogen1H1.0080]]																	[[ helium \|Helium2He4.0026]]
2	[[ lithium \|Lithium3Li6.94]]	[[ beryllium \|Beryllium4Be9.0122]]											[[ boron \|Boron5B10.81]]	[[ carbon \|Carbon6C12.011]]	[[ nitrogen \|Nitrogen7N14.007]]	[[ oxygen \|Oxygen8O15.999]]	[[ fluorine \|Fluorine9F18.998]]	[[ neon \|Neon10Ne20.180]]
3	[[ sodium \|Sodium11Na22.990]]	[[ magnesium \|Magnesium12Mg24.305]]											[[ aluminium \|Aluminium13Al26.982]]	[[ silicon \|Silicon14Si28.085]]	[[ phosphorus\|Phosphorus15P30.974]]	[[ sulfur \|Sulfur16S32.06]]	[[ chlorine \|Chlorine17Cl35.45]]	[[ argon \|Argon18Ar39.95]]
4	[[ potassium \|Potassium19K39.098]]	[[ calcium \|Calcium20Ca40.078]]	[[ scandium \|Scandium21Sc44.956]]	[[ titanium \|Titanium22Ti47.867]]	[[ vanadium \|Vanadium23V50.942]]	[[ chromium \|Chromium24Cr51.996]]	[[ manganese \|Manganese25Mn54.938]]	[[ iron \|Iron26Fe55.845]]	[[ cobalt \|Cobalt27Co58.933]]	[[ nickel \|Nickel28Ni58.693]]	[[ copper \|Copper29Cu63.546]]	[[ zinc \|Zinc30Zn65.38]]	[[ gallium \|Gallium31Ga69.723]]	[[ germanium \|Germanium32Ge72.630]]	[[ arsenic \|Arsenic33As74.922]]	[[ selenium \|Selenium34Se78.971]]	[[ bromine \|Bromine35Br79.904]]	[[ krypton \|Krypton36Kr83.798]]
5	[[ rubidium \|Rubidium37Rb85.468]]	[[ strontium \|Strontium38Sr87.62]]	[[ yttrium \|Yttrium39Y88.906]]	[[ zirconium \|Zirconium40Zr91.224]]	[[ niobium \|Niobium41Nb92.906]]	[[ molybdenum\|Molybdenum42Mo95.95]]	[[ technetium\|Technetium43Tc[97]]]	[[ ruthenium \|Ruthenium44Ru101.07]]	[[ rhodium \|Rhodium45Rh102.91]]	[[ palladium \|Palladium46Pd106.42]]	[[ silver \|Silver47Ag107.87]]	[[ cadmium \|Cadmium48Cd112.41]]	[[ indium \|Indium49In114.82]]	[[ tin \|Tin50Sn118.71]]	[[ antimony \|Antimony51Sb121.76]]	[[ tellurium \|Tellurium52Te127.60]]	[[ iodine \|Iodine53I126.90]]	[[ xenon \|Xenon54Xe131.29]]
6	[[ caesium \|Caesium55Cs132.91]]	[[ barium \|Barium56Ba137.33]]	[[ lutetium \|Lutetium71Lu174.97]]	[[ hafnium \|Hafnium72Hf178.49]]	[[ tantalum \|Tantalum73Ta180.95]]	[[ tungsten \|Tungsten74W183.84]]	[[ rhenium \|Rhenium75Re186.21]]	[[ osmium \|Osmium76Os190.23]]	[[ iridium \|Iridium77Ir192.22]]	[[ platinum \|Platinum78Pt195.08]]	[[ gold \|Gold79Au196.97]]	[[ Mercury (element)\|Mercury80Hg200.59]]	[[ thallium \|Thallium81Tl204.38]]	[[ lead \|Lead82Pb207.2]]	[[ bismuth \|Bismuth83Bi208.98]]	[[ polonium \|Polonium84Po[209]]]	[[ astatine \|Astatine85At[210]]]	[[ radon \|Radon86Rn[222]]]
7	[[ francium \|Francium87Fr[223]]]	[[ radium \|Radium88Ra[226]]]	[[ lawrencium \|Lawrencium103Lr[266]]]	[[ rutherfordium\|Rutherfordium104Rf[267]]]	[[ dubnium \|Dubnium105Db[268]]]	[[ seaborgium \|Seaborgium106Sg[269]]]	[[ bohrium \|Bohrium107Bh[270]]]	[[ hassium \|Hassium108Hs[269]]]	[[ meitnerium \|Meitnerium109Mt[278]]]	[[ darmstadtium \|Darmstadtium110Ds[281]]]	[[ roentgenium \|Roentgenium111Rg[282]]]	[[ copernicium \|Copernicium112Cn[285]]]	[[ nihonium \|Nihonium113Nh[286]]]	[[ flerovium \|Flerovium114Fl[289]]]	[[ moscovium \|Moscovium115Mc[290]]]	[[ livermorium \|Livermorium116Lv[293]]]	[[ tennessine \|Tennessine117Ts[294]]]	[[ oganesson \|Oganesson118Og[294]]]

			[[ lanthanum \|Lanthanum57La138.91]]	[[ cerium \|Cerium58Ce140.12]]	[[ praseodymium\|Praseodymium59Pr140.91]]	[[ neodymium \|Neodymium60Nd144.24]]	[[ promethium \|Promethium61Pm[145]]]	[[ samarium \|Samarium62Sm150.36]]	[[ europium \|Europium63Eu151.96]]	[[ gadolinium \|Gadolinium64Gd157.25]]	[[ terbium \|Terbium65Tb158.93]]	[[ dysprosium \|Dysprosium66Dy162.50]]	[[ holmium \|Holmium67Ho164.93]]	[[ erbium \|Erbium68Er167.26]]	[[ thulium \|Thulium69Tm168.93]]	[[ ytterbium \|Ytterbium70Yb173.05]]
			[[ actinium \|Actinium89Ac[227]]]	[[ thorium \|Thorium90Th232.04]]	[[ protactinium\|Protactinium91Pa231.04]]	[[ uranium \|Uranium92U238.03]]	[[ neptunium \|Neptunium93Np[237]]]	[[ plutonium \|Plutonium94Pu[244]]]	[[ americium \|Americium95Am[243]]]	[[ curium \|Curium96Cm[247]]]	[[ berkelium \|Berkelium97Bk[247]]]	[[ californium \|Californium98Cf[251]]]	[[ einsteinium \|Einsteinium99Es[252]]]	[[ fermium \|Fermium100Fm[257]]]	[[ mendelevium\|Mendelevium101Md[258]]]	[[ nobelium \|Nobelium102No[259]]]

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