Automatic tachycardia

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Automatic tachycardia is a type of tachycardia characterized by an abnormally fast heart rate originating from the heart's own automaticity. This condition is distinct from other forms of tachycardia, such as reentrant tachycardia, where the rapid heart rate is due to a reentry circuit within the heart.

Pathophysiology

Automatic tachycardia occurs when the pacemaker cells in the heart's sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, or other parts of the conduction system generate electrical impulses at an increased rate. This can be due to various factors, including increased sympathetic nervous system activity, decreased parasympathetic nervous system activity, or intrinsic abnormalities in the pacemaker cells.

Types

There are several types of automatic tachycardia, including:

• Sinus tachycardia: An increased heart rate originating from the sinoatrial node.
• Atrial tachycardia: Rapid heart rate originating from an ectopic focus in the atria.
• Junctional tachycardia: Tachycardia originating from the atrioventricular node or nearby tissue.
• Ventricular tachycardia: Rapid heart rate originating from the ventricles.

Causes

Automatic tachycardia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Fever
• Anemia
• Hyperthyroidism
• Heart failure
• Myocardial infarction
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Stimulant drugs such as caffeine and amphetamines

Symptoms

Common symptoms of automatic tachycardia include:

• Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of automatic tachycardia typically involves:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Holter monitor
• Event monitor
• Electrophysiological study

Treatment

Treatment options for automatic tachycardia may include:

• Beta blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Antiarrhythmic drugs
• Catheter ablation
• Lifestyle modifications such as reducing caffeine intake and managing stress

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with automatic tachycardia varies depending on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. With appropriate management, many individuals can lead normal, healthy lives.

See also

• Arrhythmia
• Bradycardia
• Cardiology
• Electrophysiology