Britannia

Britannia-Statue

Carausius 286-93 Expectate Veni (11 2) Reverse (cropped)

The death of Admiral Lord Nelson - in the moment of victory! by James Gillray (cropped)

Triple Entente

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British pre-decimal halfpenny 1936 reverse

Britannia is the Latin name for the island of Great Britain, which was used during the Roman Empire. The term has since evolved to refer to the United Kingdom as a whole, and it is often personified as a female figure representing the nation.

Etymology

The name "Britannia" is derived from the Greek "Prettanike" or "Brettaniai," which referred to a collection of islands with Great Britain being the largest. The term was later adopted by the Romans.

Roman Britannia

During the Roman Empire, Britannia was the name given to the southern part of the island of Great Britain that was conquered and occupied by the Roman Empire. The Roman province of Britannia was established in AD 43 following the Roman conquest of Britain under Emperor Claudius. The province included most of modern-day England and Wales.

Roman Administration

The province was initially governed by a Roman governor, who was responsible for military and civil administration. The capital of Roman Britannia was Camulodunum (modern-day Colchester), later moved to Londinium (modern-day London).

Economy and Society

Roman Britannia was known for its agriculture, mining, and trade. The Romans introduced new technologies, roads, and urban planning to the region. The society was a mix of Roman settlers and the native Celtic Britons.

Post-Roman Period

After the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the early 5th century, the term "Britannia" continued to be used in various forms. The island saw the rise of several Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and later the unification under the Kingdom of England.

Personification of Britannia

Britannia is often depicted as a strong female figure, wearing a helmet and holding a trident and shield. This personification became popular during the Renaissance and was widely used in British propaganda during the 18th century and 19th century.

Modern Usage

In contemporary times, Britannia is a symbol of the United Kingdom and is often used in coinage, art, and literature. The term is also used in various contexts, such as the Royal Yacht Britannia and the Britannia Bridge.

Related Pages

• Roman Britain
• Great Britain
• United Kingdom
• Roman Empire
• Celtic Britons
• Anglo-Saxon England
• Royal Yacht Britannia
• Britannia Bridge