Roman Britain
Roman Britain refers to the period in British history when the island of Great Britain was governed by the Roman Empire, from AD 43 until AD 410.
History[edit | edit source]
The Roman conquest of Britain began in AD 43 during the reign of Emperor Claudius. The Romans referred to the new province as Britannia. The Roman influence in Britain introduced many aspects of Roman culture, including the Latin language, Roman law, and Roman architectural styles.
Roman Conquest[edit | edit source]
The Roman conquest was a process that took several decades. The Romans initially established control over the southern part of the island, and over time, they expanded their control northwards. The conquest was marked by several significant battles, including the Battle of Medway and the Battle of the Thames.
Roman Governance[edit | edit source]
Roman Britain was governed by a Roman governor who was appointed by the emperor. The governor was responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, and defending the province from attacks. The Romans established several towns and cities in Britain, including Londinium (London), Camulodunum (Colchester), and Aquae Sulis (Bath).
End of Roman Rule[edit | edit source]
The end of Roman rule in Britain began in the early 5th century when the Roman Empire began to decline. The last Roman troops left Britain in AD 410, marking the end of Roman Britain and the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period.
Culture[edit | edit source]
Roman Britain was marked by a blend of Roman and native British cultures. The Romans introduced their architectural styles, building roads, walls, and public buildings. The Roman baths in Bath and the Hadrian's Wall are notable examples of Roman architecture in Britain.
Economy[edit | edit source]
The economy of Roman Britain was based on agriculture, mining, and trade. The Romans introduced new farming techniques and crops, which improved agricultural productivity. They also exploited Britain's mineral resources, including lead, silver, and gold.
Legacy[edit | edit source]
The legacy of Roman Britain can be seen in many aspects of British culture and society today. The Latin language influenced the English language, and Roman law influenced British legal systems. The Roman road network laid the foundation for Britain's modern road system.
<timeline> Preset = TimeHorizontal_AutoPlaceBars_UnitYear ImageSize = width:1600 barincrement:25 PlotArea = left:30 right:45 bottom:40 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97) id:white value:rgb(0,0,0) id:title value:gray(0.875) id:subtitle value:gray(0.75) id:grid1 value:gray(0.7) id:grid2 value:gray(0.88) id:black value:rgb(0,0,0) id:events value:rgb(0.75,1,0.75) id:wars value:rgb(1,0.75,0.75) id:mark1 value:rgb(0,0.7,0) id:mark2 value:rgb(0.7,0,0) id:years value:gray(0.5) id:plague1 value:rgb(1,1,0.4) id:plague2 value:rgb(0.7,0.7,0.3) id:period1 value:rgb(1,1,0) id:period2 value:rgb(1,0.75,0) id:people1 value:rgb(0.75,0.75,1) id:people2 value:rgb(0.5,0.5,1) id:caesar value:rgb(1,0.8,0.8) legend:Caesar id:augustus value:rgb(1,0.4,0.4) legend:Augustus id:eastern value:rgb(1,0.8,0.4) legend:Eastern_Half id:western value:rgb(1,0.4,0.8) legend:Western_Half BackgroundColors = canvas:canvas Period = from:-110 till:490 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:50 start:-100 gridcolor:grid1 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:-100 gridcolor:grid2 AlignBars = justify BarData= bar:title bar:dummy0 # separator bar:title_periods bar:periods bar:title_emperors bar:emperors1 bar:emperors2 bar:emperors3 bar:emperors4 bar:title_people barset:people bar:title_wars barset:wars bar:title_events barset:events bar:title_developments barset:developments bar:dummy2 # separator
PlotData = mark:(none,black) color:subtitle fontsize:M width:16 shift:(5,-6) bar:title from:-31 till:end shift:(5,-9) text:"Roman Empire" fontsize:XL anchor:middle align:center width:25 color:title from:start till:-31 text:"Roman Republic" anchor:middle align:center width:25 shift:(5,-4) bar:title_emperors from:start till:end anchor:middle align:center width:15 text:Reigns of the Emperors bar:title_people from:start till:end text:"People" anchor:middle align:center width:15 bar:title_wars from:start till:end text:"Wars" anchor:middle align:center width:15 bar:title_events from:start till:end text:"Other Events" anchor:middle align:center width:15 bar:title_periods from:start till:end text:"Periods" anchor:middle align:center width:15 bar:title_developments from:start till:end text:"Developments" anchor:middle align:center width:15 shift:(5,-5) fontsize:S mark:(line,mark2) color:wars width:22 barset:wars from:-58 till:-49 text:Gallic Wars at:-47 text:Battle of Zela at:-31 text:Battle of Actium barset:break from:-26 till:-19 fontsize:S shift:(2,1) text:War in the~Pyrenees at:9 text:Battle of the Teutoburg Forest at:47 text:conquest of Britain barset:break at:70 text:Siege of Jerusalem barset:break barset:skip from:101 till:102 text:Dacian_Wars barset:break barset:skip from:106 till:107 at:251 text:Battle of Abrittus at:284 text:Bagaudae revolt barset:break at:268 text:Battle of Naissus at:312 text:Battle of Milvian Bridge at:378 text:Battle of Adrianople mark:(line,mark1) color:events width:22 barset:events at:-44 fontsize:S shift:(2,1) text:Assassination of~Julius Caesar at:-27 fontsize:S shift:(2,1) text:Construction of the~Pantheon at:-18 text:lex Julia at:9 text:lex Papia Poppaea barset:break at:64 text:Great fire of Rome #18-19 July at:65 text:Pisonian conspiracy from:72 till:80 shift:(2,1) fontsize:S text:Construction of the~Colosseum at:79 text:Destruction of Pompeii at:113 text:Trajan's Column barset:break from:122 till:132 fontsize:S shift:(2,1) text:Construction of~Hadrian's Wall at:125 fontsize:S shift:(2,1) text:Reconstruction of the~Pantheon from:142 till:144 fontsize:S shift:(2,1) text:Construction of the~Antonine Wall from:165 till:180 color:plague1 mark:(line,plague2) text:Antonine Plague barset:break at:212 text:Constitutio Antoniniana from:212 till:216 shift:(2,1) fontsize:S text:Construction of the~Baths of Caracalla from:251 till:265 color:plague1 mark:(line,plague2) text:Plague of Cyprian #http://www.sonic.net/~rbeale/mysite/Plague of AD251.htm from:258 till:274 text:Gallic Empire at:311 text:Edict of Serdica barset:break at:325 text:First Council of Nicaea at:381 text:First Council of Constantinople at:431 text:Council of Ephesus mark:(none,mark2) color:augustus width:22 bar:emperors1 from:-23 till:14 text:Caesar_Augustus from:41 till:54 text:Claudius from:68 till:69 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Galba from:79 till:81 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Titus from:96 till:98 text:Nerva from:138 till:161 shift:(-15,1) fontsize:S text:Antoninus~Pius color:augustus from:175 till:175 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Avidus~Cassius color:caesar from:193 till:211 shift:(0,1) color:augustus fontsize:S text:Septimius~Severus from:218 till:222 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Elaga-~balus from:235 till:238 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Maximinus~Thrax from:249 till:251 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Decius from:268 till:270 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Claudius_II from:276 till:276 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Florianus from:285 till:305 shift:(30,1) fontsize:S text:Diocletian from:308 till:313 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Maximinus from:337 till:361 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Constantius_II from:364 till:375 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Valentinian_I color:western from:379 till:395 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Theodosius from:408 till:450 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Theodosius_II color:eastern bar:emperors2 from:14 till:37 text:Tiberius from:54 till:68 text:Nero from:69 till:69 text:Vitellius from:98 till:117 text:Trajan from:161 till:180 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Marcus~Aurelius from:192 till:193 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Pertinax from:211 till:217 shift:(-27,-11) fontsize:S text:Caracalla from:222 till:235 shift:(-2,1) fontsize:S text:Alexander~Severus from:238 till:238 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Gordian_I+ from:238 till:238 shift:(52,-11) fontsize:S text:II from:253 till:260 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Gallenius color: caesar from:260 till:268 from:275 till:276 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:M.C.Tacitus from:282 till:283 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Carus from:305 till:306 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Constantius_Chlorus color:augustus from:308 till:324 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Licinius from:337 till:350 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Constans from:363 till:364 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Jovian from:375 till:383 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Gratian from:395 till:423 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Flavius_Augustus_Honorius color:western bar:emperors3 from:37 till:41 text:Caligula color:augustus from:69 till:79 text:Vespasian color:augustus from:117 till:138 text:Hadrian from:161 till:169 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Lucius~Verus from:177 till:180 color:caesar from:180 till:192 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Commodus color:augustus from:209 till:211 shift:(-17,-11) fontsize:S text:Geta from:217 till:218 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Macrinus color:augustus from:238 till:244 shift:(-32,-11) fontsize:S text:Gordian_III from:253 till:260 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Valerian from:270 till:275 shift:(-27,-11) fontsize:S text:Aurelian color:augustus from:276 till:282 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Probus from:286 till:305 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Maximian color:augustus from:306 till:337 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Constantine_I from:361 till:363 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Julian from:375 till:387 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Valentinian_II color:western from:388 till:392 color:western from:395 till:408 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Arcadius color:eastern bar:emperors4 from:69 till:69 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Otho from:81 till:96 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Domitian from:193 till:193 shift:(-76,1) fontsize:S text:Didius_Julianus from:217 till:218 color:caesar from:218 till:218 shift:(-40,1) fontsize:S text:Diadumenian from:238 till:238 shift:(-114,-11) fontsize:S text:Pupienus_and_Balbinus
from:244 till:249 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Philip_the_Arab from:251 till:251 shift:(0,1) fontsize:S text:Herennius_Etruscus from:283 till:285 shift:(1,-11) fontsize:S text:Carinus+ from:283 till:285 shift:(45,-11) fontsize:S text:Numerian from:305 till:311 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Galerius from:337 till:340 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Constantine_II from:364 till:378 shift:(0,-11) fontsize:S text:Valens color:eastern from:421 till:421 shift:(1,1) fontsize:S text:Constantius_III color:western width:22 bar:periods from:-31 till:14 shift:(4,1) color:period2 text:Age of Augustus
from:14 till:69 shift:(4,-10) color:period1 text:Julio-Claudian dynasty from:69 till:69 shift:(0,1) mark:(line,mark2) text:Year of the four emperors from:69 till:96 shift:(10,-10) color:period2 text:Flavian dynasty from:96 till:180 shift:(90,1) color:period1 text:Five Good Emperors from:193 till:235 shift:(4,-10) color:period2 text:Severan dynasty from:235 till:284 shift:(4,1) color:period1 text:Crisis of the Third Century from:285 till:324 shift:(4,-10) color:period2 text:Tetrarchy from:324 till:395 shift:(4,1) color:period1 text:Christian Empire from:395 till:476 shift:(4,-10) color:period2 text:Late Antiquity in the West mark:(none,mark2) color:people1 width:22 barset:people from:-106 till:-43 text:Cicero from:-69 till:-30 text:Cleopatra VII of Egypt from:-49 till:17 shift:(4,1) text:Livy~→Ab urbe condita barset:break from:-4 till:65 text:Seneca barset:break from:100 till:178 text:Ptolemy from:56 till:117 text:Tacitus from:46 till:127 text:Plutarch barset:developments color:canvas mark:(none) anchor:middle align:center from:-23 till:14 text:"god-like_emperor_(hereditary)"~"senate_weakened~"citizen→professional_army"~"Praetorian_Guard_created"~"trade_links→India/China" # Caesar_Augustus barset:break from:14 till:69 text:terror~madness~expansion~revolts barset:break from:69 till:96 shift:(-10) text:stability~more_autocratic_rule~tax_reforms~influence→provinces~many_public_works~bread_and_games barset:break from:98 till:117 shift:(40) text:conquests_in_Balkan~+_temp._Near_Asia~permanent_forts~around_empire~(limes) barset:break from:161 till:180 text:constant wars~(Germania,Parthia)~embassy_in_China from:180 till:192 text:_~tyranny,~madness_and~corruption barset:break from:193 till:211 text:dictator~moral~cleansing shift:(-2) from:211 till:217 text:_~all_free_men~become_Roman~citizen barset:break from:217 till:235 text:revolt~crisis_of~faith shift:(-4) # no room for ~'enlightment' barset:break from:235 till:260 text:many_emperors~killed_in~revolts~_~Goths appear
TextData = textcolor:black fontsize:S pos:(30,2) text:"produced with EasyTimeline" pos:(100,2) text:"EasyTimeline" pos:(620,2) text:"reference" pos:(667,2) text:"Roman Empire" </timeline> |
Notes:
|
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD