Campeche

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Campeche in Mexico

Campeche state and its neighbors, with new border

Morena logo (Mexico)

Morena logo (Mexico)

PRI logo (Mexico)

Campeche is a state located in the southeastern region of Mexico, bordered by the states of Yucatán to the northeast, Quintana Roo to the east, and Tabasco to the southwest. To the south, it shares an international border with Guatemala and to the west and northwest, it has a significant coastline along the Gulf of Mexico. The state capital is the city of San Francisco de Campeche, commonly known as Campeche.

History

The area now known as Campeche has a rich history that dates back to the pre-Columbian era, being part of the Maya civilization. The region was known for its strategic coastal cities and as a center for trade. The arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century led to the establishment of Campeche as a key port in the colonial trade network, particularly for the export of logwood, a dye wood that was highly valued in Europe.

Following Mexico's independence from Spain, Campeche became a state in 1863. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the state experienced periods of economic fluctuation, largely tied to the agricultural and petroleum sectors.

Geography

Campeche is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes coastal areas, rainforests, and wetlands. The state is part of the larger Yucatán Peninsula, which is known for its flat limestone platform and lack of significant surface water bodies, as water tends to percolate through the porous soil to form underground rivers and cenotes (natural sinkholes).

The state's climate is tropical, with a wet and dry season. The coastal regions are particularly susceptible to hurricanes during the Atlantic hurricane season.

Economy

The economy of Campeche is primarily based on petroleum extraction and processing, fishing, and tourism. The state is rich in offshore oil fields, which have been a significant source of revenue since the 1970s. Tourism is also an important economic activity, with visitors drawn to the state's historical sites, colonial architecture, and natural beauty, including the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Culture

Campeche's culture is a blend of indigenous Maya heritage and Spanish colonial influence. This is evident in the state's architecture, cuisine, and festivals. The historic fortified city of Campeche, with its well-preserved colonial architecture and defensive walls, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a prime example of the military architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries.

The state is also known for its traditional music and dance, handicrafts, and cuisine, which features a mix of Maya, Spanish, and Caribbean influences.

Tourism

Tourism in Campeche offers a mix of cultural, historical, and natural attractions. Key sites include the ancient Maya ruins of Calakmul, Edzná, and the Cenotes of Candelaria. The state's natural reserves, such as the Ría Celestún Biosphere Reserve, are important habitats for flamingos and other wildlife. The city of Campeche itself is a popular destination for its well-preserved colonial architecture, vibrant street life, and cultural festivals.