Guatemala

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==Guatemala ==

Flag of Guatemala

Coat of arms of Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: República de Guatemala ), is a country in Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north and west, Belize to the northeast, Honduras to the east, El Salvador to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Guatemala has a population of around 17 million, making it the most populous country in Central America.

History

The history of Guatemala is marked by the Maya civilization, which flourished in the region for centuries before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. The Spanish conquest of Guatemala began in 1524 and led to the establishment of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which included most of Central America. Guatemala gained independence from Spain in 1821 and was part of the Federal Republic of Central America until its dissolution in 1841.

Geography

Guatemala is characterized by its mountainous terrain, with the Sierra Madre de Chiapas range running through the country. The highest peak is Volcán Tajumulco, which stands at 4,220 meters (13,845 feet) above sea level. The country also has a significant number of volcanoes, some of which are active. The Petén region in the north is covered by dense rainforest.

Climate

Guatemala's climate varies by altitude. The coastal and lowland areas have a tropical climate, while the highlands have a cooler, temperate climate. The country experiences a rainy season from May to October and a dry season from November to April.

Demographics

The population of Guatemala is ethnically diverse, with a majority of Mestizo (mixed indigenous and European) and indigenous people. The largest indigenous group is the K'iche', followed by the Kaqchikel, Mam, and Q'eqchi'. The official language is Spanish, but there are 23 officially recognized indigenous languages.

Economy

Guatemala's economy is the largest in Central America. It is primarily based on agriculture, with key exports including coffee, sugar, and bananas. The country also has a growing tourism sector, attracting visitors to its Maya ruins, colonial architecture, and natural beauty.

Culture

Guatemala has a rich cultural heritage that blends indigenous and Spanish influences. Traditional Maya practices and customs are still prevalent, particularly in rural areas. The country is known for its vibrant textiles, music, and dance. The annual Semana Santa (Holy Week) celebrations in Antigua Guatemala are particularly famous.

Government and Politics

Guatemala is a unitary presidential republic. The President of Guatemala is both the head of state and head of government. The country has a multi-party system, and elections are held every four years.

Education and Health

Education in Guatemala is free and compulsory for six years. However, access to education is limited in rural areas. The country faces challenges in healthcare, with disparities in access and quality of services between urban and rural areas.

See Also

• Maya civilization
• Central America
• Antigua Guatemala
• Lake Atitlán
• Tikal