Guatemala

File:Guatemala's national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band.ogg File:La Granadera.ogg

Guatemala (orthographic projection)

Un-guatemala

Tikal mayan ruins 2009

Guatemala, officially known as the Republic of Guatemala (República de Guatemala in Spanish), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. It is the most populous country in Central America and has a rich cultural heritage that combines elements from the Maya civilization with Spanish colonial influences.

Geography

Guatemala is characterized by its diverse geography, which includes everything from mountains and volcanoes to rainforests and beaches. The country is divided into three main regions: the highlands, where the Maya people predominantly live; the Pacific coast, known for its agricultural productivity; and the Petén region, which is part of the vast Maya Biosphere Reserve. Guatemala's highest peak is Volcán Tajumulco, which reaches an elevation of 4,220 meters (13,845 feet).

History

The history of Guatemala can be traced back to the Maya civilization, which flourished in the region from around 2000 BC to the 10th century AD. After the decline of the Maya, the area was eventually conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century, becoming part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala within the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala gained independence from Spain in 1821, first as part of the First Mexican Empire and then as a member of the Federal Republic of Central America before becoming an independent republic in 1839.

Politics

Guatemala is a democratic republic with a separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The President of Guatemala serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The country has faced numerous challenges in its political history, including a civil war from 1960 to 1996, which had a profound impact on its society and governance.

Economy

The Guatemalan economy is the largest in Central America, with a focus on sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Coffee, sugar, and bananas are among the country's main exports. However, Guatemala faces significant challenges, including poverty, inequality, and corruption, which affect its economic development.

Culture

Guatemala is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, particularly that of the Maya civilization, which is evident in the country's architecture, art, and festivals. The country is also known for its textiles, music, and cuisine, which reflect a blend of indigenous and Spanish influences. Guatemala's cultural diversity is one of its most distinctive features, with a significant portion of the population being of Maya descent and speaking various Maya languages in addition to Spanish.

Demographics

The population of Guatemala is diverse, comprising various ethnic groups, including Maya, Ladino (mixed indigenous and European descent), and smaller populations of African and European descent. Spanish is the official language, but the country recognizes 21 Maya languages, as well as Xinca and Garifuna, as national languages.

Tourism

Tourism is an important part of Guatemala's economy, with visitors drawn to its natural beauty, archaeological sites, and cultural heritage. Notable attractions include the ancient Maya ruins of Tikal, the colonial city of Antigua Guatemala, and the beautiful Lake Atitlán.

‎