Guatemala

File:National anthem of Guatemala, by the U.S. Navy Band.oga File:La Granadera.ogg

Guatemala

Official name
Common name
Motto
Anthem
Flag
Coat of arms
Capital	Guatemala City
Largest city	Guatemala City
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
Legislature

Guatemala is a country located in Central America, bordered by Mexico to the north and west, Belize to the northeast, Honduras to the east, El Salvador to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. It is the most populous country in Central America, with an estimated population of over 17 million people.

History

Guatemala has a rich and complex history that dates back to the ancient Maya civilization, which flourished in the region for centuries. The Spanish conquest in the 16th century led to the establishment of colonial rule, which lasted until Guatemala gained independence in 1821. The country has since experienced periods of political instability, civil war, and democratic reform.

Pre-Columbian Era

The area now known as Guatemala was home to the Maya civilization, one of the most advanced and sophisticated cultures in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Maya built impressive cities such as Tikal, El Mirador, and Copán, and made significant advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and writing.

Colonial Period

In 1524, the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado began the conquest of the region, which became part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The Spanish established the city of Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, which served as the capital of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.

Independence and Modern Era

Guatemala declared independence from Spain on September 15, 1821, and became part of the Federal Republic of Central America. After the federation dissolved, Guatemala became a sovereign nation. The 20th century was marked by political turmoil, including a 36-year civil war that ended in 1996 with the signing of peace accords.

Geography

Guatemala is characterized by its diverse geography, which includes volcanic highlands, tropical rainforests, and coastal plains. The country is home to 37 volcanoes, including Volcán de Fuego, which is one of the most active in Central America.

Climate

The climate in Guatemala varies by region, with the highlands experiencing a temperate climate, while the lowlands have a tropical climate. The rainy season typically lasts from May to October.

Economy

Guatemala's economy is the largest in Central America, with agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism being key sectors. The country is a major producer of coffee, sugar, and bananas. Remittances from Guatemalans living abroad also play a significant role in the economy.

Culture

Guatemala's culture is a blend of indigenous Maya and Spanish influences. Traditional music, dance, and festivals are an integral part of Guatemalan life. The country is known for its vibrant textiles, handicrafts, and cuisine, which includes dishes such as pepian and tamales.

Demographics

Guatemala is a multicultural nation with a diverse population that includes indigenous Maya, Mestizo, and European descendants. Spanish is the official language, but 21 indigenous languages are also spoken.

Also see

• Maya civilization
• Guatemala City
• Central America
• Volcán de Fuego
• Guatemalan Civil War

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