Belize

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Belize - Location Map (2013) - BLZ - UNOCHA

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Belize is a Caribbean country located on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered to the north by Mexico, to the south and west by Guatemala, and to the east by the Caribbean Sea. Belize is known for its diverse ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and islands called cayes. The country's rich biodiversity and distinct ecosystems make it a popular destination for ecotourism and scuba diving. Belize is also home to the ancient Maya civilization, which has left behind numerous archaeological sites such as Caracol, Xunantunich, and Altun Ha.

History

The history of Belize is marked by a variety of cultures and influences. Before the arrival of Europeans, the area was inhabited by the Maya civilization, which reached its peak around the 6th century AD. The Spanish Empire claimed the territory in the 16th century but did not establish control. English and Scottish settlers, known as the Baymen, established the first European settlement in Belize in the 17th century. After a series of conflicts, the area became a British colony known as British Honduras in 1862. Belize achieved independence from the United Kingdom on September 21, 1981.

Geography

Belize is characterized by its varied geography, which includes the Belize Barrier Reef, the second largest coral reef system in the world. The country's landscape ranges from coral islands and coastal plains to hills and low mountains in the interior. The highest point in Belize is Doyle's Delight at 1,124 meters. Belize's climate is tropical, with a wet and dry season.

Demographics

The population of Belize is ethnically diverse, including people of Mestizo, Kriol, Maya, Garifuna, and East Indian descent, among others. English is the official language, making Belize the only English-speaking country in Central America. Spanish, Creole, Maya languages, and Garifuna are also widely spoken.

Economy

Belize's economy is based on tourism, agriculture, and offshore banking. The country is a popular destination for tourists seeking to experience its natural beauty, archaeological sites, and cultural diversity. Agriculture remains a significant sector, with sugar and bananas as the main products. Belize also has a growing offshore financial industry.

Government and Politics

Belize is a parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm, with the monarchy of Belize as its head of state, represented by a Governor-General. The Prime Minister of Belize is the head of government. The country has a bicameral legislature known as the National Assembly, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Culture

Belizean culture is a blend of Maya, European, Caribbean, and African influences. This diversity is reflected in the country's festivals, music, dance, and cuisine. The annual Belize Carnival is a significant cultural event, showcasing the country's music and dance traditions.

Environmental Conservation

Belize is committed to protecting its natural environment. The Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a critical area for marine biodiversity. The country has established several protected areas and national parks to conserve its forests, wildlife, and marine life.