Cellulite

Cellulite is the herniation of subcutaneous fat within fibrous connective tissue that manifests topographically as skin dimpling and nodularity, often on the pelvic region (specifically the buttocks), lower limbs, and abdomen. Cellulite occurs in most postpubescent females. A review gives a prevalence of 85 to 98% of women, indicating that it is physiologic rather than pathologic. It can result from a complex combination of factors ranging from hormones to heredity.

Dimpled appearance of cellulite

Causes

The development of cellulite is attributed to a variety of factors, which may include hormonal, genetic, predisposing, and lifestyle factors.

Hormonal factors

Hormones such as estrogen, insulin, noradrenaline, thyroid hormones, and prolactin are part of the cellulite development process. Estrogen, in particular, may play the largest role in cellulite formation, influencing fat distribution and connective tissue structure.

Genetic factors

Genetics also play a significant role in determining skin structure, skin texture, and body type, all of which can influence the likelihood of developing cellulite. Genetic predisposition can affect fat distribution and metabolism, contributing to the appearance of cellulite.

Predisposing factors

Certain predisposing factors such as gender, race, biotype (e.g., distribution of fat, muscle, and connective tissue), and the predisposition of the lymphatic system can influence the chance of cellulite development. Women are more likely to develop cellulite due to differences in fat, muscle, and connective tissue distribution.

Lifestyle

Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and smoking can also impact the formation and severity of cellulite. Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and smoking may exacerbate the condition.

Treatments

Various treatments have been proposed for cellulite, including:

• Laser therapy
• Subcision
• Radiofrequency therapy
• Cryolipolysis
• Topical treatments containing ingredients like caffeine and retinol
• Manual lymphatic drainage and massage

It is important to note that the effectiveness of these treatments can vary, and some may not have long-lasting results.

Epidemiology

Cellulite is primarily observed in postpubescent females, with a reported prevalence of 85 to 98%. It is less common in men, likely due to differences in fat distribution and connective tissue structure.

History

The understanding and perception of cellulite have evolved over time. Initially considered a normal condition, it has become more medicalized in recent decades, with increased attention to treatment and cosmetic improvement.

Further reading

• "The Cellulite Solution: A Doctor's Program for Losing Lumps, Bumps, Dimples, and Stretch Marks" by Dr. Howard Murad
• "Cellulite: Pathophysiology and Treatment" edited by Avram, Mitchel P.

Cellulite Resources
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