Cementoma

Cementoma is a type of dental tumor that primarily affects the roots of teeth. It is also known as cementoblastoma and true cementoma. This benign neoplasm is characterized by the overgrowth of cementum, a calcified substance that covers the root of a tooth.

Overview

Cementomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. They are most commonly found in the mandible, particularly in the area of the first molar. The tumor typically affects adults in their third to fifth decades of life, with a slight predilection for females.

Symptoms

The symptoms of cementoma can vary, but often include pain and swelling in the affected area. Some patients may also experience loosening of the affected tooth or teeth. In some cases, the tumor may be discovered incidentally during a routine dental examination or x-ray.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of cementoma is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies. On a dental x-ray, the tumor appears as a radiopaque mass attached to the root of a tooth. The definitive diagnosis is made through histopathological examination of the tumor tissue, which shows the presence of cementum-like material.

Treatment

The treatment for cementoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor and the affected tooth or teeth. In some cases, root canal therapy may be performed prior to surgery to preserve the tooth. Following surgery, regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for any signs of recurrence.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with cementoma is generally good, as the tumor is benign and does not spread to other parts of the body. However, recurrence is possible, particularly if the tumor is not completely removed during surgery.