Chilka

Chilka is a brackish water lagoon located in the state of Odisha on the east coast of India. It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest in the world. The lagoon is spread over the Puri, Khordha, and Ganjam districts of Odisha and is separated from the Bay of Bengal by a narrow strip of sand.

Geography

Chilka Lagoon covers an area of over 1,100 square kilometers and is fed by 52 rivers and rivulets. The lagoon is shallow, with an average depth of 1.5 meters. The water salinity in the lagoon varies from nearly freshwater to saline, depending on the season and the influx of seawater.

Flora and Fauna

Chilka is renowned for its rich biodiversity. It is home to a variety of flora and fauna, including several species of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. The lagoon is also a significant habitat for migratory birds, attracting species from as far as Siberia and Iran. Notable bird species include the flamingo, white-bellied sea eagle, and goliath heron.

Economic Importance

The lagoon supports the livelihood of thousands of fishermen and is a major source of fish and prawn production in the region. The area around Chilka is also known for its salt production.

Tourism

Chilka is a popular tourist destination known for its scenic beauty and rich wildlife. The Nalaban Island within the lagoon is a designated bird sanctuary. Other attractions include the Kalijai Temple, Satapada, and the Rambha Bay.

Conservation Efforts

Efforts have been made to conserve the unique ecosystem of Chilka. The Chilka Development Authority (CDA) was established to monitor and manage the lagoon's resources. Various initiatives have been undertaken to control pollution, manage fishing activities, and promote sustainable tourism.

Related Pages

• Odisha
• Bay of Bengal
• Lagoon
• Migratory birds
• Fisheries