Citrus ×aurantium

Citrus ×aurantium, commonly known as the bitter orange, Seville orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange, is a citrus tree species in the family Rutaceae. It is a hybrid between Citrus maxima (pomelo) and Citrus reticulata (mandarin).

Description

The Citrus ×aurantium tree is medium-sized, reaching up to 10 meters in height. It has a rounded crown and long, flexible branches. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and have a distinctive citrus aroma when crushed. The flowers, known as orange blossoms, are white and fragrant. The fruit is round, with a rough, thick, and bitter peel. The pulp is acidic and has a strong, distinctive flavor.

Cultivation

Citrus ×aurantium is cultivated for its fruit, which is used in the production of marmalade, liqueurs, and essential oils. It is also used as a rootstock for other citrus species. The tree is hardy and can tolerate a wide range of soil conditions, but prefers well-drained, sandy loam. It is resistant to most pests and diseases, but can be susceptible to citrus canker and citrus greening disease.

Uses

The fruit of the Citrus ×aurantium is used in the production of marmalade, due to its high pectin content. The peel is used in the production of liqueurs, such as Grand Marnier and Cointreau. The essential oil, extracted from the peel, is used in aromatherapy and perfumery. The flowers are used in the production of orange blossom water, which is used in cooking and cosmetics.

Health effects

The fruit and peel of the Citrus ×aurantium contain several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, limonoids, and synephrine. These compounds have been studied for their potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and weight loss effects. However, the consumption of bitter orange supplements has been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects, and their use is not recommended without medical supervision.

See also

• Citrus taxonomy
• List of citrus fruits

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