Combat stress reaction

Combat Stress Reaction (CSR), also known as battle fatigue or shell shock, is a range of behaviors resulting from the stress of battle that decrease the combatant's fighting efficiency. The condition is a short-term acute stress reaction that is immediate and normal response to extreme stress.

History

The term combat stress reaction was first used in the World War II to describe soldiers' responses to the intense stress of battle. It was recognized that soldiers who had been in combat for extended periods of time exhibited a range of behaviors that were not present before the combat experience. These behaviors included fatigue, slow reaction times, indecision, disconnection from one's surroundings, and inability to prioritize tasks.

Symptoms

The symptoms of combat stress reaction can be physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral. Physical symptoms can include fatigue, trembling, vomiting, dizziness, and increased heart rate. Mental and emotional symptoms can include confusion, nightmares, hyper-vigilance, and emotional numbness. Behavioral symptoms can include withdrawal, avoidance, irritability, and changes in performance or behavior.

Treatment

Treatment for combat stress reaction typically involves removing the individual from the combat situation and providing rest and recuperation. In some cases, medication may be used to help manage symptoms. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure therapy, may also be beneficial.

See also

• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Acute stress reaction
• War neurosis