Common mesentery

Common mesentery refers to a structure in embryonic development that connects the intestines to the posterior wall of the abdomen, allowing for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. This anatomical feature is crucial for the proper development and function of the gastrointestinal tract.

Development

During the early stages of embryogenesis, the gastrointestinal tract of the embryo is suspended in the abdominal cavity by the common mesentery. This arrangement allows the intestines to undergo the necessary process of herniation and rotation. As development progresses, the common mesentery divides into two distinct structures: the mesentery proper, which supports the small intestine, and the mesocolon, which supports the colon. In some cases, the division of the common mesentery may not occur completely, leading to various anatomical anomalies.

Function

The primary function of the common mesentery is to provide a conduit for the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that supply the intestines. It also helps to anchor the intestines in the abdominal cavity, maintaining their proper alignment and preventing undue twisting or volvulus.

Clinical Significance

Anomalies in the development of the common mesentery can lead to conditions such as malrotation of the intestines, which can cause intestinal obstruction and require surgical intervention. Understanding the anatomy and development of the common mesentery is crucial for surgeons and clinicians in diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal conditions.