Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma

Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the skin. It is a type of ichthyosis, a group of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin. CIE is present at birth and continues throughout the individual's life.

Symptoms

The main symptom of CIE is red, scaly skin. The scaling can be fine or thick and is usually most severe on the extremities (arms and legs), but can also affect the torso and face. Other symptoms can include ectropion, which is an outward turning of the eyelid, and alopecia, or hair loss.

Causes

CIE is caused by mutations in several different genes. These genes are involved in the formation and function of the skin's stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. When these genes are mutated, the stratum corneum does not form properly, leading to the symptoms of CIE.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CIE is based on the characteristic skin abnormalities present at birth or shortly thereafter. A skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Genetic testing can also be done to identify the specific gene mutation causing the condition.

Treatment

There is no cure for CIE, but treatments can help manage the symptoms. These may include emollients to moisturize the skin, keratolytics to help remove scales, and retinoids to reduce the production of skin cells. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with CIE varies. Some individuals may have a normal lifespan with few complications, while others may experience severe symptoms and complications that can affect their quality of life and lifespan.

See also

• Ichthyosis
• Genetic disorder
• Skin disorder