Costovertebral angle tenderness

Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT) is a medical term that refers to discomfort or pain that is felt when the Costovertebral angle (CVA) is palpated. The CVA is the angle formed by the vertebral column and the costal margin. This area is clinically significant as it is where the kidneys are located.

Anatomy

The Costovertebral angle is located in the back of the body, just below the 12th rib. It is formed by the junction of the 12th rib and the vertebral column. The kidneys are located in this area, making it a significant point of reference in diagnosing kidney-related conditions.

Clinical Significance

Costovertebral angle tenderness is a clinical sign that is often used in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. It is elicited by percussion of the area of the back overlying the kidney. The presence of pain or tenderness may indicate an infection or inflammation of the kidney, such as pyelonephritis or kidney stones.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of CVAT is typically made through a physical examination. The healthcare provider will gently tap the area of the back where the kidneys are located. If the patient experiences pain or discomfort, this is considered a positive sign of CVAT. Further diagnostic tests, such as a urinalysis or imaging studies, may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and identify the underlying cause.

Treatment

The treatment for CVAT depends on the underlying cause. If the cause is an infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. If the cause is kidney stones, treatment may include pain management, fluid therapy, and in some cases, surgical intervention.

See Also

• Renal colic
• Urinary tract infection
• Kidney disease