Disc protrusion

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Disc protrusion

Disc protrusion, also known as a herniated disc, is a medical condition affecting the spine in which the intervertebral disc extends beyond its normal boundary. This condition can cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area, often impacting the lower back or neck.

Anatomy and Physiology

The spine is composed of a series of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. These discs act as shock absorbers and provide flexibility to the spine. Each disc consists of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like center known as the nucleus pulposus.

Causes

Disc protrusion can result from various factors, including:

• Degenerative disc disease
• Trauma or injury
• Repetitive strain
• Poor posture
• Aging

Symptoms

The symptoms of disc protrusion vary depending on the location and severity of the protrusion. Common symptoms include:

• Back pain or neck pain
• Radiculopathy (pain radiating along a nerve)
• Numbness or tingling
• Muscle weakness

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of disc protrusion typically involves:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan
• Neurological examination

Treatment

Treatment options for disc protrusion may include:

• Conservative treatment such as rest, physical therapy, and pain management
• Medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants
• Epidural steroid injections
• Surgery in severe cases, such as discectomy or laminectomy

Prevention

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of disc protrusion include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Practicing good posture
• Engaging in regular exercise
• Avoiding heavy lifting and repetitive strain

See also

• Spinal stenosis
• Sciatica
• Degenerative disc disease
• Radiculopathy