Dysthesia

Dysthesia

Dysthesia is a neurological condition characterized by an abnormal sensation in the skin, often described as painful, itchy, burning, or tingling. It is a type of paresthesia, which refers to any abnormal sensation that is not due to an external stimulus. Dysthesia can be a symptom of various underlying conditions, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and nerve damage.

Pathophysiology

Dysthesia occurs when there is a disruption in the normal functioning of the sensory pathways in the nervous system. This disruption can be due to damage or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, or the brain. The abnormal sensations are often the result of inappropriate activation of sensory neurons or altered processing of sensory information in the central nervous system.

Causes

Dysthesia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

• Multiple sclerosis: A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to demyelination and nerve damage.
• Diabetes mellitus: High blood sugar levels can cause damage to peripheral nerves, leading to diabetic neuropathy.
• Peripheral neuropathy: Damage to the peripheral nerves from various causes, such as infections, toxins, or trauma.
• Postherpetic neuralgia: A complication of shingles that affects nerve fibers and skin, causing burning pain.
• Fibromyalgia: A disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, often accompanied by fatigue and altered pain perception.

Symptoms

The symptoms of dysthesia can vary widely depending on the underlying cause and the nerves affected. Common symptoms include:

• Burning or tingling sensations
• Itching or crawling sensations
• Pain that may be sharp, stabbing, or aching
• Sensitivity to touch or temperature changes

Diagnosis

Diagnosing dysthesia involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may be conducted to identify the underlying cause, such as:

• Nerve conduction studies and electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve function
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the brain and spinal cord
• Blood tests to check for diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or other metabolic disorders

Treatment

Treatment of dysthesia focuses on managing the underlying condition and alleviating symptoms. Options may include:

• Medications: Anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and topical anesthetics can help manage pain and abnormal sensations.
• Physical therapy: Exercises and therapies to improve nerve function and reduce discomfort.
• Lifestyle modifications: Managing blood sugar levels in diabetes, avoiding triggers, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Prognosis

The prognosis for dysthesia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, treating the underlying condition can lead to significant improvement in symptoms. However, in chronic conditions like multiple sclerosis or diabetic neuropathy, symptoms may persist or progress over time.

Also see

• Paresthesia
• Neuropathy
• Multiple sclerosis
• Diabetic neuropathy
• Fibromyalgia

edit 

WikiMD neurology

External links

• Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
  

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z