Elschnig spots

Elschnig Spots

Elschnig spots as seen in the retina

Elschnig spots are a type of retinal lesion that can occur in individuals with certain eye conditions. These spots are named after the Austrian ophthalmologist Theodor Elschnig, who first described them in 1910. Elschnig spots are characterized by small, white or yellowish-white patches that appear on the surface of the retina.

Causes

Elschnig spots are most commonly associated with hypertensive retinopathy, a condition caused by high blood pressure. In hypertensive retinopathy, the blood vessels in the retina become damaged due to the increased pressure. This damage can lead to the formation of Elschnig spots.

Appearance

Elschnig spots typically appear as small, round or oval-shaped lesions on the retina. They are often located near the optic nerve head, which is the point where the optic nerve enters the eye. These spots can vary in size and may be surrounded by areas of hemorrhage or exudates.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Elschnig spots is usually made through a comprehensive eye examination. An ophthalmologist will examine the retina using specialized instruments, such as an ophthalmoscope, to identify the presence of these spots. Additional tests, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography, may be performed to further evaluate the extent of the retinal damage.

Treatment

The treatment of Elschnig spots depends on the underlying cause. In cases where high blood pressure is the primary cause, controlling blood pressure through lifestyle modifications and medication may help prevent further progression of the spots. In more severe cases, laser photocoagulation or other surgical interventions may be necessary to treat the retinal damage.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Elschnig spots depends on the extent of retinal damage and the underlying cause. If the spots are detected early and appropriate treatment is initiated, the prognosis is generally favorable. However, if left untreated, Elschnig spots can lead to permanent vision loss or other complications.

See Also

• Hypertensive retinopathy
• Retina
• Ophthalmology