Embryoid body

Embryoid body (EB) is a three-dimensional aggregation of stem cells that is used as a model system for studying cell differentiation and developmental biology. The formation of embryoid bodies is a common step in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, including both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Formation

Embryoid bodies are typically formed by culturing pluripotent stem cells in suspension, without the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is used to maintain the pluripotency of stem cells. The cells aggregate together and form a spherical structure, which is referred to as an embryoid body. The formation of embryoid bodies is a critical step in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, as it allows the cells to undergo spontaneous differentiation into various cell types.

Structure

The structure of an embryoid body is similar to that of an early post-implantation embryo. It consists of an outer layer of endoderm, an inner layer of mesoderm, and a core of ectoderm. This structure allows the embryoid body to mimic the process of gastrulation, which is the formation of the three germ layers in the early embryo.

Applications

Embryoid bodies are used in a variety of research applications. They are commonly used as a model system for studying the process of cell differentiation and developmental biology. They can also be used for the generation of specific cell types, such as cardiomyocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, for use in cell therapy and regenerative medicine. In addition, embryoid bodies can be used for drug screening and toxicology studies, as they provide a more physiologically relevant model than traditional 2D cell cultures.

See also

• Stem cell
• Cell differentiation
• Developmental biology
• Embryonic stem cell
• Induced pluripotent stem cell