Eosinophilic bronchitis

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Eosinophilic bronchitis is a respiratory condition characterized by chronic cough and airway inflammation without the presence of asthma. It is marked by the presence of eosinophils in the sputum, which are a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and asthma.

Pathophysiology

Eosinophilic bronchitis involves the inflammation of the airways, specifically the bronchi, due to an increased number of eosinophils. Unlike asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis does not cause airway hyperresponsiveness or airflow obstruction. The exact cause of eosinophilic bronchitis is not well understood, but it is often associated with allergic rhinitis and other atopic conditions.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of eosinophilic bronchitis is a chronic cough that lasts for more than eight weeks. The cough is typically non-productive, meaning it does not produce mucus. Other symptoms may include:

• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of eosinophilic bronchitis is made through a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests. These may include:

• Sputum analysis to detect eosinophils
• Spirometry to rule out asthma
• Chest X-ray to exclude other causes of chronic cough
• Allergy testing to identify potential triggers

Treatment

The treatment of eosinophilic bronchitis typically involves the use of inhaled corticosteroids to reduce airway inflammation. Other treatments may include:

• Leukotriene receptor antagonists
• Antihistamines for associated allergic conditions
• Avoidance of known allergens

Prognosis

The prognosis for eosinophilic bronchitis is generally good, especially with appropriate treatment. Most patients experience significant improvement in symptoms with the use of inhaled corticosteroids. However, the condition can be chronic and may require long-term management.

See also

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Allergic rhinitis
• Eosinophilia