Ethyl pentanoate

Ethyl valerate

Ethyl pentanoate, also known as ethyl valerate, is an ester formed from the chemical reaction between pentanoic acid (valeric acid) and ethanol. It is a clear liquid that is used in the flavor and fragrance industry due to its fruity odor, reminiscent of apples and pineapples. Ethyl pentanoate is one of many esters used in perfumery and as a food additive to impart a sweet, fruity flavor.

Properties

Ethyl pentanoate has the chemical formula C7H14O2 and a molecular weight of 130.18 g/mol. It is slightly soluble in water, but well soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. Its boiling point is approximately 144°C (291°F), and it has a density of about 0.867 g/cm^3 at 20°C.

Synthesis

Ethyl pentanoate can be synthesized through a process known as esterification, where pentanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, typically sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The reaction is a reversible process, and the yield can be improved by removing the water formed during the reaction.

Uses

The primary use of ethyl pentanoate is as a flavoring agent and fragrance. It imparts a sweet, fruity aroma and taste, making it suitable for use in various food products, including candies, baked goods, and beverages. In the fragrance industry, it is used in the formulation of perfumes and scents to add a fresh, fruity note.

Safety

As with many chemicals, safety precautions are necessary when handling ethyl pentanoate. It is flammable and should be kept away from open flames and high temperatures. In terms of health, it is considered to have low toxicity, but it can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system if not handled properly. Adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, are recommended during its use.