This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders.

Some eye problems are minor and don't last long. But some can lead to a permanent loss of vision.

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Common eye problems include

Refractive errors
Cataract - clouded lenses
Optic nerve disorders, including glaucoma
Retinal disorders - problems with the nerve layer at the back of the eye
Macular degeneration - a disease that destroys sharp, central vision
Diabetic eye problems Conjunctivitis - an infection also known as pinkeye

Your best defense is to have regular eye checkups. because eye diseases do not always have symptoms. Early detection and treatment could prevent vision loss. See an eye care professional right away if you have a sudden change in vision, if everything looks dim, or if you see flashes of light. Other symptoms that need quick attention are pain, double vision, fluid coming from the eye, and inflammation.

The World Health Organization publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries called the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems or ICD-10. This list uses that classification.

H00-H59 Diseases of the eye and adnexa[edit | edit source]

H00-H06 Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit[edit | edit source]

(H00.0) Hordeolum ("stye" or "sty") — a bacterial infection of sebaceous glands of eyelashes
(H00.1) Chalazion — a cyst in the eyelid (usually upper eyelid)
(H01.0) Blepharitis — inflammation of eyelids and eyelashes; characterized by white flaky skin near the eyelashes
(H02.0) Entropion and trichiasis
(H02.1) Ectropion
(H02.2) Lagophthalmos
(H02.3) Blepharochalasis
(H02.4) Ptosis
(H02.6) Xanthelasma of eyelid
(H03.0*) Parasitic infestation of eyelid in diseases classified elsewhere
- Dermatitis of eyelid due to Demodex species ( B88.0+ )
- Parasitic infestation of eyelid in:
  - leishmaniasis ( B55.-+ )
  - loiasis ( B74.3+ )
  - onchocerciasis ( B73+ )
  - phthiriasis ( B85.3+ )
(H03.1*) Involvement of eyelid in other infectious diseases classified elsewhere
- Involvement of eyelid in:
  - herpesviral (herpes simplex) infection ( B00.5+ )
  - leprosy ( A30.-+ )
  - molluscum contagiosum ( B08.1+ )
  - tuberculosis ( A18.4+ )
  - yaws ( A66.-+ )
  - zoster ( B02.3+ )
(H03.8*) Involvement of eyelid in other diseases classified elsewhere
- Involvement of eyelid in impetigo ( L01.0+ )
(H04.0) Dacryoadenitis
(H04.2) Epiphora
(H06.2*) Dysthyroid exophthalmos

H10-H13 Disorders of conjunctiva[edit | edit source]

(H10) Conjunctivitis — inflammation of the conjunctiva
(H11.0) Pterygium — benign growth of the conjunctiva
(H11.3) Subconjunctival hemorrhage — burst blood vessels on conjunctiva
(H13.1*) Conjunctivitis in infectious and parasitic diseases classified elsewhere
- Conjunctivitis (due to):
  - Acanthamoeba B60.1+ )
  - adenoviral follicular (acute) ( B30.1+ )
  - chlamydial ( A74.0+ )
  - diphtheritic ( A36.8+ )
  - gonococcal ( A54.3+ )
  - haemorrhagic (acute)(epidemic) ( B30.3+ )
  - herpesviral [herpes simplex] ( B00.5+ )
  - meningococcal ( A39.8+ )
  - Newcastle ( B30.8+ )
  - zoster ( B02.3+ )

H15-H22 Disorders of sclera, cornea, iris and ciliary body[edit | edit source]

(H15.0) Scleritis — a painful inflammation of the sclera
(H16) Keratitis — inflammation of the cornea
(H16.0) Corneal ulcer / Corneal abrasion — loss of the surface epithelial layer of the eye's cornea
(H16.1) Snow blindness / Arc eye — a painful condition caused by exposure of unprotected eyes to bright light
(H16.1) Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
(H18.5) Fuchs' dystrophy — cloudy morning vision
(H18.6) Keratoconus — the cornea thins and changes shape to be more like a cone than a parabola
(H19.3) Keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eyes
(H20.0) Iritis — inflammation of the iris
(H20.0, H44.1) Uveitis — inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye

H25-H28 Disorders of lens[edit | edit source]

(H25-H26) Cataract — the lens becomes opaque

H30-H36 Disorders of choroid and retina[edit | edit source]

(H33) Retinal detachment — the retina detaches from the choroid, leading to blurred and distorted vision
(H33.1) Retinoschisis — the retina separates into several layers and may detach
(H35.0) Hypertensive retinopathy — burst blood vessels, due to long-term high blood pressure
- (H35.0/E10-E14) Diabetic retinopathy damage to the retina caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which could eventually lead to blindness
(H35.0-H35.2) Retinopathy — general term referring to non-inflammatory damage to the retina
(H35.1) Retinopathy of prematurity — scarring and retinal detachment in premature babies
(H35.3) Age-related macular degeneration — the photosensitive cells in the macula malfunction and over time cease to work
(H35.3) Macular degeneration — loss of central vision, due to macular degeneration
(H35.5) Retinitis pigmentosa — genetic disorder; tunnel vision preceded by night-blindness
(H35.81) Macular edema — distorted central vision, due to a swollen macula

H40-H42 Glaucoma[edit | edit source]

(H40-H42) Glaucoma — optic neuropathy

H43-H45 Disorders of vitreous body and globe[edit | edit source]

(H43.9) Floaters — shadow-like shapes which appear singly or together with several others in the field of vision

H46-H48 Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways[edit | edit source]

(H47.2) Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy — genetic disorder; loss of central vision

H49-H52 Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction[edit | edit source]

(H49-H50) Strabismus (Crossed eye/Wandering eye/Walleye) — the eyes do not point in the same direction
- (H49.3-4) Ophthalmoparesis — the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles
- (H49.4) Progressive external ophthalmoplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles
- (H50.0, H50.3) Esotropia — the tendency for eyes to become cross-eyed
- (H50.1, H50.3) Exotropia — the tendency for eyes to look outward
H52 Disorders of refraction and accommodation
- (H52.0) Hyperopia (Farsightedness) — the inability to focus on near objects (and in extreme cases, any objects)
- (H52.1) Myopia (Nearsightedness) — distant objects appear blurred
- (H52.2) Astigmatism — the cornea or the lens of the eye is not perfectly spherical, resulting in different focal points in different planes
- (H52.3) Anisometropia — the lenses of the two eyes have different focal lengths
- (H52.4) Presbyopia — a condition that occurs with growing age and results in the inability to focus on close objects
- (H52.5) Disorders of accommodation
  - Internal ophthalmoplegia

H53-H54 Visual disturbances and blindness[edit | edit source]

(H53.0) Amblyopia (lazy eye) — poor or blurry vision due to either no transmission or poor transmission of the visual image to the brain
(H53.0) Leber's congenital amaurosis — genetic disorder; appears at birth, characterised by sluggish or no pupillary responses
(H53.1, H53.4) Scotoma (blind spot) — an area impairment of vision surrounded by a field of relatively well-preserved vision
(H53.5) Color blindness — the inability to perceive differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish
- (H53.5) Achromatopsia / Maskun — a low cone count or lack of function in cone cells
(H53.6) Nyctalopia (Nightblindness) — a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in the dark
(H54) Blindness — the brain does not receive optical information, through various causes
- (H54/B73) River blindness — blindness caused by long-term infection by a parasetic worm (rare in western societies)

H55-H59 Other disorders of eye and adnexa[edit | edit source]

(H57.9) Red eye — conjunctiva appears red typically due to illness or injury
(H58.0) Argyll Robertson pupil — small, unequal, irregularly shaped pupils

Other codes[edit | edit source]

(B36.1) Keratomycosis — fungal infection of the cornea
(E50.6-E50.7) Xerophthalmia — dry eyes, caused by vitamin A deficiency
(Q13.1) Aniridia — a rare congenital eye condition leading to underdevelopment or even absence of the iris of the eye

References[edit | edit source]

World Health Organization's ICD-10 Codes

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