Distichia

Canine distichiae

Distichiasis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal growth of eyelashes from the Meibomian glands located in the eyelids. This condition can lead to discomfort and, in severe cases, damage to the cornea due to the misdirected eyelashes rubbing against it. Distichiasis affects both humans and some breeds of dogs, notably the Shetland Sheepdog and the Dachshund.

Causes

Distichiasis is often hereditary, passed down through genes that affect eyelash growth. In humans, it can be associated with Lymphedema-Distichiasis syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. In dogs, it is considered a breed-specific hereditary condition. Environmental factors and trauma to the eyelid can also contribute to the development of distichiasis, though these cases are less common.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of distichiasis is the presence of extra eyelashes that emerge from the Meibomian glands, rather than the eyelash line. These additional lashes can cause irritation, redness, tearing, and a sensation of something being in the eye. In severe cases, the constant rubbing of the lashes against the cornea can lead to corneal ulcers or scarring, which can impair vision.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of distichiasis involves a thorough examination of the eyelids and lashes by a healthcare professional, often an ophthalmologist. Special attention is given to identifying the origin of the extra lashes and assessing the extent of irritation or damage to the eye.

Treatment

Treatment options for distichiasis vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may require no treatment or simply the regular removal of the extra lashes. More severe cases might necessitate more permanent solutions, such as:

• Cryotherapy: Freezing the follicles of the extra lashes to prevent regrowth.
• Electrolysis: Using electrical currents to destroy the lash follicles.
• Surgical removal: The surgical excision of the extra lash follicles.

In all cases, the goal of treatment is to alleviate discomfort and prevent damage to the cornea.

Prevention

Since distichiasis is often a genetic condition, there is no guaranteed way to prevent it. For breeds of dogs known to be predisposed to distichiasis, responsible breeding practices can help reduce the incidence of the condition. Regular eye exams can help detect and treat distichiasis before it causes significant discomfort or damage.

See Also

• Eyelid disorders
• Lymphedema-Distichiasis syndrome
• Meibomian gland dysfunction