Fissure of the nipple

Fissure of the nipple refers to a condition characterized by a crack or split in the skin of the nipple. This condition is most commonly associated with breastfeeding, but it can also occur due to other factors such as dry skin, eczema, or mechanical irritation. Fissures can cause significant discomfort and pain, especially during nursing, and may lead to complications like infection if not properly managed.

Causes

The primary cause of nipple fissures is the mechanical stress and trauma to the nipple skin during breastfeeding. Incorrect latching by the infant, frequent nursing, and the use of breast pumps can exacerbate this condition. Other contributing factors include:

• Dry skin
• Eczema (Atopic dermatitis)
• Dermatitis
• Mechanical irritation from clothing or poor hygiene

Symptoms

Symptoms of fissure of the nipple include:

• Painful nipples, especially during or after breastfeeding
• Visible cracks or splits in the nipple or areola
• Bleeding or oozing from the fissures
• Sensitivity to touch or clothing

Prevention

Preventive measures focus on reducing the risk of nipple trauma and maintaining skin integrity. These include:

• Ensuring proper latching techniques during breastfeeding
• Using nipple creams or emollients to keep the skin moisturized
• Avoiding the use of harsh soaps or chemicals on the breasts
• Wearing soft, breathable clothing to reduce mechanical irritation

Treatment

Treatment aims to promote healing of the fissures and manage pain. Strategies include:

• Applying purified lanolin or medical-grade honey to the affected area
• Using nipple shields under the guidance of a healthcare professional
• Taking pain relief medication as recommended by a healthcare provider
• Temporarily stopping breastfeeding on the affected side, if advised by a healthcare professional, and expressing milk to maintain supply

In cases where infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed. It is important for individuals experiencing fissure of the nipple to consult with a healthcare provider to ensure appropriate management and to rule out other conditions such as mastitis or breast cancer.

See Also

• Breastfeeding
• Mastitis
• Atopic dermatitis
• Breast cancer