Fused fingers

Syndactyly
Syndactyly.jpg
Synonyms	Fused fingers
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Webbing or fusion of fingers or toes
Complications	Limited range of motion, cosmetic concerns
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutations, environmental factors
Risks	Family history
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical separation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	1 in 2,000-3,000 live births
Deaths	N/A

Syndactyly, commonly referred to as fused fingers, is a congenital condition characterized by the fusion of two or more fingers or toes. This condition can vary in severity from simple webbing of the skin to complete bony fusion of the digits.

Etiology

Syndactyly occurs due to the failure of the digits to separate during embryonic development. This can be attributed to genetic mutations or environmental factors. It is often seen in association with other syndromes such as Apert syndrome and Poland syndrome.

Classification

Syndactyly can be classified into several types based on the extent of fusion:

• Simple syndactyly: Involves only soft tissue fusion.
• Complex syndactyly: Involves fusion of bones and nails.
• Complete syndactyly: The entire length of the digits is fused.
• Incomplete syndactyly: Only part of the digits are fused.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of syndactyly is primarily clinical, based on physical examination. Imaging studies such as X-rays may be used to assess the extent of bony involvement and to plan surgical intervention.

Treatment

The primary treatment for syndactyly is surgical separation of the fused digits. The timing of surgery is crucial and is often performed between 6 months to 2 years of age to allow for normal hand function and growth. Skin grafts may be required to cover the separated areas.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with syndactyly is generally good, especially when treated early. Surgical outcomes are typically favorable, with improved function and appearance of the hand or foot.

Epidemiology

Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital hand anomalies, occurring in approximately 1 in 2,000 to 3,000 live births. It is more common in males and can affect one or both hands or feet.

Also see

• Polydactyly
• Brachydactyly
• Apert syndrome
• Poland syndrome