Histiocytosis

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Histiocytosis
Micrograph of sinus histiocytosis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Varies by type; may include fever, weight loss, skin rash, bone pain
Complications	Organ dysfunction, bone lesions, diabetes insipidus
Onset	Usually in childhood
Duration	Varies
Types	Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Rosai-Dorfman disease
Causes	Abnormal proliferation of histiocytes
Risks	Genetic factors, immune system dysregulation
Diagnosis	Biopsy, imaging studies, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Infection, malignancy, autoimmune disease
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies by type and severity
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Histiocytosis is a general name for a group of syndromes that involve an abnormal increase in the number of immune cells known as histiocytes. The disease can affect anyone from infants to older adults.

Types of Histiocytosis

There are several types of histiocytosis, including:

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH): This is the most common type of histiocytosis. LCH can damage skin, bones, and other parts of the body, or form tumors.
• Non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis: This type includes a variety of conditions that cause histiocytes to build up in certain parts of the body, such as the skin, lymph nodes, and spleen.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): This is a severe form of histiocytosis that can affect many organs throughout the body.

Symptoms

The symptoms of histiocytosis can vary greatly depending on the type and severity of the condition. They may include:

• Skin rash
• Bone pain
• Fever
• Weight loss
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

Histiocytosis is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. These may include:

• Blood tests
• Biopsy
• Imaging tests

Treatment

Treatment for histiocytosis depends on the type and severity of the condition. It may include:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Surgery

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with histiocytosis varies greatly. Some people may recover completely with treatment, while others may experience long-term complications or disability.

See Also

• Immune system
• Lymphatic system
• Cancer