Hoarse

Hoarseness is a symptom characterized by an abnormal change in the voice. The voice may sound weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky. Hoarseness is generally caused by a problem in the vocal cords, which are part of the larynx.

Causes

Hoarseness can be caused by several conditions, including:

• Laryngitis: This is the most common cause of hoarseness and is caused by inflammation of the larynx. Laryngitis can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, injury, or overuse of the voice.
• Vocal cord nodules: These are noncancerous growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal abuse.
• Vocal cord polyps: These are soft, swollen, noncancerous growths on the vocal cords caused by prolonged vocal abuse.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This condition can cause hoarseness when stomach acid rises up the throat and irritates the vocal cords.
• Thyroid problems: Certain thyroid conditions can cause hoarseness.
• Lung cancer: Hoarseness can be a symptom of lung cancer.
• Neurological disorders: Certain neurological disorders can cause hoarseness, such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and myasthenia gravis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hoarseness typically involves a physical examination and a review of medical history. The doctor may also order certain tests, such as:

• Laryngoscopy: This test allows the doctor to see the vocal cords and larynx using a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end.
• Biopsy: If a growth or lesion is found on the vocal cords, a biopsy may be performed to check for cancer.

Treatment

Treatment for hoarseness depends on the underlying cause. It may include:

• Resting the voice
• Hydrating the body
• Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
• Treating underlying conditions, such as GERD or thyroid problems
• Surgery, in cases of vocal cord nodules, polyps, or cancer

Prevention

Prevention strategies for hoarseness include:

• Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
• Drinking plenty of water
• Avoiding straining the voice
• Using a microphone when speaking in public or singing

Hoarse Resources
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