Hoarse
Hoarseness is a symptom characterized by an abnormal change in the voice. The voice may sound weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky. Hoarseness is generally caused by a problem in the vocal cords, which are part of the larynx.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Hoarseness can be caused by several conditions, including:
- Laryngitis: This is the most common cause of hoarseness and is caused by inflammation of the larynx. Laryngitis can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, injury, or overuse of the voice.
- Vocal cord nodules: These are noncancerous growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal abuse.
- Vocal cord polyps: These are soft, swollen, noncancerous growths on the vocal cords caused by prolonged vocal abuse.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This condition can cause hoarseness when stomach acid rises up the throat and irritates the vocal cords.
- Thyroid problems: Certain thyroid conditions can cause hoarseness.
- Lung cancer: Hoarseness can be a symptom of lung cancer.
- Neurological disorders: Certain neurological disorders can cause hoarseness, such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and myasthenia gravis.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of hoarseness typically involves a physical examination and a review of medical history. The doctor may also order certain tests, such as:
- Laryngoscopy: This test allows the doctor to see the vocal cords and larynx using a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end.
- Biopsy: If a growth or lesion is found on the vocal cords, a biopsy may be performed to check for cancer.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for hoarseness depends on the underlying cause. It may include:
- Resting the voice
- Hydrating the body
- Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
- Treating underlying conditions, such as GERD or thyroid problems
- Surgery, in cases of vocal cord nodules, polyps, or cancer
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Prevention strategies for hoarseness include:
- Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
- Drinking plenty of water
- Avoiding straining the voice
- Using a microphone when speaking in public or singing
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
