Hypercalcemia of malignancy
High calcium (Ca2+) level in the blood serum
| Hypercalcaemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hypercalcemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Field | Endocrinology |
| Symptoms | Abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, depression, weakness[1][2] |
| Complications | Kidney stones, abnormal heart rhythm, cardiac arrest[1][2] |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | |
| Causes | Primary hyperparathyroidism, cancer, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Paget disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia, vitamin D toxicity[1][3] |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Blood serum level > 2.6 mmol/l (corrected calcium or ionized calcium)[1][2] |
| Differential diagnosis | |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Underlying cause, intravenous fluids, furosemide, calcitonin, pamidronate, hemodialysis[1][2] |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | 4 per 1,000[1] |
| Deaths | |
Hypercalcemia generally develops as a late complication of malignancy; its appearance has grave prognostic significance.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
It remains unclear, however, whether death is associated with hypercalcemic crisis (uncontrolled or recurrent progressive hypercalcemia) or with advanced disease.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms include central nervous system impairment such as delirium with prominent symptoms of personality change, cognitive dysfunction, disorientation, incoherent speech, and psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, smooth muscle hypotonicity, and altered cardiovascular function.
Treatment is similar to the treatment of hypercalcemia plus treatment of the underlying malignancy.
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
|
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
| Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
