Immune thrombocytopenia

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disorder that can lead to easy or excessive bruising and bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelets — the cells that help blood clot.

Overview

Immune thrombocytopenia, also known as ITP, is a clinical syndrome in which a decreased number of circulating platelets (thrombocytopenia) manifests as a bleeding tendency, easy bruising (purpura), or extravasation of blood from capillaries into skin and mucous membranes (petechiae).

Causes

In many cases, the cause of ITP is unknown. It is thought to happen when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets in the blood. Certain infections, medicines, or diseases can trigger this reaction.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ITP can include easy or excessive bruising, skin rashes, prolonged bleeding from cuts, and spontaneous bleeding from the gums or nose. In severe cases, internal bleeding can occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ITP is based on a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The doctor may also order a bone marrow test to rule out other diseases.

Treatment

Treatment for ITP can include medications to boost the body's platelet count or surgery to remove the spleen (splenectomy). In some cases, no treatment is needed.

See also

• Thrombocytopenia
• Platelet
• Immune system
• Splenectomy

Immune thrombocytopenia Resources
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