Immunochemistry
Immunochemistry is a branch of chemistry that involves the study of the immune system and its components at the molecular level. It combines principles from both immunology and biochemistry to understand the interactions between antigens and antibodies, as well as other immune system molecules.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Immunochemistry focuses on the chemical aspects of immune responses, including the structure and function of antibodies, the nature of antigens, and the mechanisms of antigen-antibody reactions. This field is crucial for the development of diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapeutic agents.
Key Concepts[edit | edit source]
Antibodies[edit | edit source]
Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to antigens. They have a unique ability to specifically bind to antigens, which makes them essential tools in immunochemical techniques.
Antigens[edit | edit source]
Antigens are substances that can induce an immune response. They are typically proteins or polysaccharides on the surface of pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.
Antigen-Antibody Reactions[edit | edit source]
The interaction between an antigen and an antibody is highly specific. This specificity is the basis for many immunochemical techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry.
Techniques in Immunochemistry[edit | edit source]
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)[edit | edit source]
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common immunochemical technique used to detect the presence of an antigen or antibody in a sample. It involves the binding of an antigen to a specific antibody, followed by a reaction that produces a measurable signal.
Western Blotting[edit | edit source]
Western blotting is a technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample. It involves the separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis, transfer to a membrane, and detection using specific antibodies.
Immunohistochemistry[edit | edit source]
Immunohistochemistry is a method used to detect specific antigens in tissue sections. It involves the binding of antibodies to antigens in situ, followed by visualization using various detection systems.
Applications[edit | edit source]
Immunochemistry has numerous applications in medicine, biotechnology, and research. It is used in the development of diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapeutic antibodies. It also plays a crucial role in understanding the molecular mechanisms of diseases and the development of new treatments.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
- Antibody
- Antigen
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Western blotting
- Immunohistochemistry
Categories[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
