Inflammatory aortic aneurysm

A type of abdominal aortic aneurysm characterized by inflammation

Inflammatory aortic aneurysm is a subtype of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) distinguished by the presence of significant inflammation in the aortic wall. This condition is characterized by the thickening of the aortic wall, fibrosis, and the presence of inflammatory cells. It is a rare form of aneurysm that can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated appropriately.

Pathophysiology

Inflammatory aortic aneurysms are believed to result from an exaggerated immune response. The inflammation leads to the thickening of the aortic wall and the formation of a fibrotic layer around the aneurysm. This inflammatory process can involve the surrounding structures, such as the duodenum, ureters, and inferior vena cava. The exact cause of the inflammation is not well understood, but it is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with inflammatory aortic aneurysms may present with symptoms similar to those of a typical abdominal aortic aneurysm, such as abdominal or back pain. However, they may also exhibit systemic symptoms due to the inflammatory nature of the disease, including fever, weight loss, and elevated inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of an inflammatory aortic aneurysm is typically made using imaging studies. Computed tomography (CT) scans are particularly useful, as they can show the characteristic thickening of the aortic wall and the presence of a periaortic mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound may also be used to assess the extent of the aneurysm and the involvement of surrounding structures.

Aneurysm of the aorta

Treatment

The treatment of inflammatory aortic aneurysms often involves surgical intervention, especially if the aneurysm is large or symptomatic. The surgical approach is similar to that of a standard abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, but care must be taken to manage the inflammatory component. In some cases, corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications may be used to reduce inflammation prior to surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with inflammatory aortic aneurysms depends on several factors, including the size of the aneurysm, the presence of symptoms, and the patient's overall health. With appropriate surgical intervention, the outcomes are generally favorable, although the risk of complications is higher than with non-inflammatory aneurysms due to the involvement of surrounding structures.

Related pages

• Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Aortic dissection
• Vasculitis