Invasive Candidiasis
Invasive Candidiasis Invasive candidiasis is a serious infection caused by the yeast species *Candida*. This condition occurs when *Candida* species enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, potentially affecting various organs. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and those with certain risk factors.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Invasive candidiasis is a type of fungal infection that can lead to severe health complications. Unlike superficial infections such as oral thrush or vaginal yeast infections, invasive candidiasis affects internal organs and can be life-threatening.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The primary cause of invasive candidiasis is the entry of *Candida* species into the bloodstream. This can occur through:
- Catheters and Medical Devices: Central venous catheters and other medical devices can serve as entry points for *Candida*.
- Surgery: Surgical procedures, especially those involving the abdomen, can increase the risk.
- Antibiotic Use: Broad-spectrum antibiotics can disrupt normal flora, allowing *Candida* to proliferate.
Risk Factors[edit | edit source]
Several factors increase the risk of developing invasive candidiasis:
- Immunosuppression: Conditions such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, or the use of immunosuppressive drugs.
- Hospitalization: Prolonged hospital stays, especially in intensive care units.
- Diabetes: Poorly controlled diabetes can predispose individuals to infections.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of invasive candidiasis can vary depending on the organs affected but may include:
- Fever and chills that do not improve with antibiotics.
- Organ-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain or difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosing invasive candidiasis involves:
- Blood Cultures: To detect *Candida* in the bloodstream.
- Imaging Studies: To identify organ involvement.
- Biopsy: In some cases, tissue samples may be needed.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment typically involves antifungal medications such as:
- Echinocandins: First-line treatment for most cases.
- Azoles: Such as fluconazole, used in certain situations.
- Amphotericin B: Used in severe cases.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures include:
- Proper Hygiene: Handwashing and aseptic techniques in healthcare settings.
- Antifungal Prophylaxis: In high-risk patients, such as those undergoing certain surgeries.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for invasive candidiasis depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the timeliness of diagnosis, and the effectiveness of treatment. Early intervention improves outcomes significantly.
See Also[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
- [CDC - Invasive Candidiasis](https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/invasive.html)
- [Mayo Clinic - Candidiasis](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/candidiasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356199)
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Invasive Candidiasis is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
